%0 Journal Article
%A Kabus, Mona
%A Nolting, Lars
%A Mortimer, Benedict J.
%A Koj, Jan Christian
%A Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm
%A De Doncker, Rik W.
%A Praktiknjo, Aaron
%T Environmental impacts of charging concepts for battery electric vehicles: A comparison of on-board and off-board charging systems based on a Life Cycle Assessment
%J Energies
%V 13
%N 24
%@ 1996-1073
%C Basel
%I MDPI
%M FZJ-2020-05104
%P 6508
%D 2020
%X We investigate the environmental impacts of on-board (based on alternating current, AC)and off-board (based on direct current, DC) charging concepts for electric vehicles using Life CycleAssessment and considering a maximum charging power of 22 kW (AC) and 50 kW (DC). Ourresults show that the manufacturing of chargers provokes the highest contribution to environmentalimpacts of the production phase. Within the chargers, the filters could be identified as mainpolluters for all power levels. When comparing the results on a system level, the DC system causesless environmental impact than the AC system in all impact categories. In our diffusion scenariosfor electric vehicles, annual emission reductions of up to 35 million kg CO2-eq. could be achievedwhen the DC system is used instead of the AC system. In addition to the environmental assessment,we examine economic effects. Here, we find annual savings of up to 8.5 million euros, when the DCsystem is used instead of the AC system.
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%U <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000602881100001
%R 10.3390/en13246508
%U https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888662