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@ARTICLE{Scheepers:888671,
      author       = {Scheepers, Fabian and Stähler, Markus and Stähler, Andrea
                      and Rauls, Edward and Müller, Martin and Carmo, Marcelo and
                      Lehnert, Werner},
      title        = {{T}emperature optimization for improving polymer
                      electrolyte membrane-water electrolysis system efficiency},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {283},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-05106},
      pages        = {116270 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Most of the hydrogen produced today is made using fossil
                      fuels, making a significant contribution to global CO$_2$
                      emissions. Although polymer electrolyte membrane
                      water-electrolyzers can produce green hydrogen by means of
                      excess electricity generated from renewable energy sources,
                      their operation is still not economical. According to
                      industry experts, the necessary cost reductions can be
                      achieved by 2030 if system efficiency can be improved. The
                      commonly stated idea is to improve efficiency by increasing
                      the stack temperature, which requires the development of
                      more resistant materials. This study investigates not only
                      the efficiency of an electrolysis cell, but of the entire
                      electrolysis process, including gas compression of hydrogen.
                      The results indicate that an optimal stack temperature
                      exists for every operating point. It is shown that the
                      optimal temperature depends solely on the electrode pressure
                      and cell voltage and can be analytically calculated. In
                      addition, the temperature optimization leads to
                      significantly reduced hydrogen permeation at low current
                      densities. In combination with the pressure optimization,
                      the challenging safety issues of pressurized electrolysis
                      can be eliminated for the entire load range and, at the same
                      time, the efficiency of the overall system be maximized.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / 1231 - Electrochemistry for
                      Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000613285100002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116270},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888671},
}