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@PHDTHESIS{Giesen:888911,
      author       = {Giesen, Kai},
      title        = {{R}adiochemische {S}eparation von $^{45}${T}i und
                      $^{52}$g{M}n zur {H}erstellung radiomarkierter {K}omplexe},
      volume       = {4426},
      school       = {Universität Köln},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-05316, Jül-4426},
      series       = {Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich},
      pages        = {IX, 166 S.},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {Universität Köln, Diss., 2020},
      abstract     = {With regard to special diagnostic applications,
                      non-standard radionuclides often represent suitable
                      alternatives to standard radionuclides like $\textit{11}$C
                      and $\textit{18}$F due to their physical decay
                      characteristics such as half-life (t$_{1/2}$) and decay
                      modes. Furthermore, non-standard positron emission
                      tomography (PET) nuclides enable a novel design and
                      synthesis of specific PET tracers to study a variety of
                      biological processes. However, their clinical application in
                      diagnostics is hampered by their limited availability owing
                      to the lack of suitable radiochemical separation techniques.
                      The positron emitter $^{45}$Ti (t$_{½}$: 3.1 h, I$_{β+}$ =
                      84.8 \%, E$_{β+max}$ = 439 keV) is of high importance for
                      imaging studies since Ti-complexes have shown therapeutic
                      efficacy in cancertreatment as cytostatic agents. $^{45}$Ti
                      can be easily produced at a small cyclotron by proton
                      bombardment of a Sc target via the $^{45}$Sc(p,n)$^{45}$Ti
                      nuclear reaction. Unfortunately, efficient separation
                      methods to isolate $^{45}$Ti from the irradiated targetare
                      still missing. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a novel
                      separation technique to obtain $^{45}$Ti in high purity and
                      radiochemical yield. The separation method was based on a
                      thermochromatographic approach via the formation of volatile
                      [$^{45}$Ti]TiCl$_{4}$ in a chlorine gas stream, enabling the
                      separation from low volatile ScCl$_{3}$. The separation
                      apparatus and the individual steps were adjusted to enable
                      trapping of [$^{45}$Ti]Cl$_{4}$ for further chemical
                      conversions. The most relevant separation parameters like
                      reaction temperature, volume flow, separation time, and
                      chlorine concentration in the carrier gas were optimized to
                      achieve efficient formation and trapping of
                      [$^{45}$Ti]TiCl$_{4}$ in high separation yields. Finally,
                      [$^{45}$Ti]TiCl$_{4}$ was obtained with a recovery yield of
                      76\% ± 5\%(n=5) (n.d.c. 48\% ± 3\% (n=5)) and a
                      radionuclidic purity of >99\%, facilitating subsequent
                      labeling steps. To this end, [$^{45}$Ti]TiCl$_{4}$ was
                      reacted with the complex ligand H$_{4}$(2,4-salan) [6,6'-
                      ((ethane-1,2-diylbis((2-hydroxyethyl)azanediyl))-bis(methylene))-bis(2,4-dimethylphenol)]
                      or with H$_{4}$(3,4-salane)
                      [6,6'-((ethane-1,2-diylbis((2-ydroxyethyl)azanediyl))-
                      bis(methylene))bis(3,4-dimethyl-phenol)] in THF to form the
                      corresponding $^{45}$Ti complexes. Thus,
                      [$^{45}$Ti][Ti(2,4-salan)] and [$^{45}$Ti][Ti(3,4-salan)]
                      were afforded in radiochemical yields of 15\% ± 7\% (n=7)
                      and 13\% ± 6\% (n=3), respectively. Furthermore,
                      [$^{45}$Ti][Ti(HBED)] was obtained from
                      [$^{45}$Ti]TiCl$_{4}$ by reaction with the chelator
                      N,N-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid
                      (HBED). [...]},
      cin          = {INM-5},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-5-20090406},
      pnm          = {573 - Neuroimaging (POF3-573)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-573},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888911},
}