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@ARTICLE{Agostini:889011,
      author       = {Agostini, M. and Altenmüller, K. and Appel, S. and
                      Atroshchenko, V. and Bagdasarian, Z. and Basilico, D. and
                      Bellini, G. and Benziger, J. and Biondi, R. and Bravo, D.
                      and Caccianiga, B. and Calaprice, F. and Caminata, A. and
                      Cavalcante, P. and Chepurnov, A. and D’Angelo, D. and
                      Davini, S. and Derbin, A. and Di Giacinto, A. and Di
                      Marcello, V. and Ding, X. F. and Di Ludovico, A. and Di
                      Noto, L. and Drachnev, I. and Formozov, A. and Franco, D.
                      and Galbiati, C. and Ghiano, C. and Giammarchi, M. and
                      Goretti, A. and Göttel, A. S. and Gromov, M. and Guffanti,
                      D. and Ianni, Aldo and Ianni, Andrea and Jany, A. and
                      Jeschke, D. and Kobychev, V. and Korga, G. and Kumaran,
                      Sindhujha and Laubenstein, M. and Litvinovich, E. and
                      Lombardi, P. and Lomskaya, I. and Ludhova, Livia and
                      Lukyanchenko, G. and Lukyanchenko, L. and Machulin, I. and
                      Martyn, J. and Meroni, E. and Meyer, M. and Miramonti, L.
                      and Misiaszek, M. and Muratova, V. and Neumair, B. and
                      Nieslony, M. and Nugmanov, R. and Oberauer, L. and Orekhov,
                      V. and Ortica, F. and Pallavicini, M. and Papp, L. and
                      Pelicci, Luca and Penek, Ö. and Pietrofaccia, L. and
                      Pilipenko, N. and Pocar, A. and Raikov, G. and Ranalli, M.
                      T. and Ranucci, G. and Razeto, A. and Re, A. and Redchuk,
                      Mariia and Romani, A. and Rossi, N. and Schönert, S. and
                      Semenov, D. and Settanta, G. and Skorokhvatov, M. and
                      Singhal, Apeksha and Smirnov, O. and Sotnikov, A. and
                      Suvorov, Y. and Tartaglia, R. and Testera, G. and Thurn, J.
                      and Unzhakov, E. and Villante, F. L. and Vishneva, A. and
                      Vogelaar, R. B. and von Feilitzsch, F. and Wojcik, M. and
                      Wurm, M. and Zavatarelli, S. and Zuber, K. and G. Zuzel, K.},
      title        = {{E}xperimental evidence of neutrinos produced in the {CNO}
                      fusion cycle in the {S}un},
      journal      = {Nature},
      volume       = {587},
      number       = {7835},
      issn         = {1476-4687},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group78092},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-05386},
      pages        = {577 - 582},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {For most of their existence, stars are fuelled by the
                      fusion of hydrogen into helium. Fusion proceeds via two
                      processes that are well understood theoretically: the
                      proton–proton (pp) chain and the
                      carbon–nitrogen–oxygen (CNO) cycle. Neutrinos that are
                      emitted along such fusion processes in the solar core are
                      the only direct probe of the deep interior of the Sun. A
                      complete spectroscopic study of neutrinos from the pp chain,
                      which produces about 99 per cent of the solar energy, has
                      been performed previously; however, there has been no
                      reported experimental evidence of the CNO cycle. Here we
                      report the direct observation, with a high statistical
                      significance, of neutrinos produced in the CNO cycle in the
                      Sun. This experimental evidence was obtained using the
                      highly radiopure, large-volume, liquid-scintillator detector
                      of Borexino, an experiment located at the underground
                      Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The main
                      experimental challenge was to identify the excess
                      signal—only a few counts per day above the background per
                      100 tonnes of target—that is attributed to interactions of
                      the CNO neutrinos. Advances in the thermal stabilization of
                      the detector over the last five years enabled us to develop
                      a method to constrain the rate of bismuth-210 contaminating
                      the scintillator. In the CNO cycle, the fusion of hydrogen
                      is catalysed by carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, and so its
                      rate—as well as the flux of emitted CNO
                      neutrinos—depends directly on the abundance of these
                      elements in the solar core. This result therefore paves the
                      way towards a direct measurement of the solar metallicity
                      using CNO neutrinos. Our findings quantify the relative
                      contribution of CNO fusion in the Sun to be of the order of
                      1 per cent; however, in massive stars, this is the dominant
                      process of energy production. This work provides
                      experimental evidence of the primary mechanism for the
                      stellar conversion of hydrogen into helium in the Universe.},
      cin          = {IKP-2 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IKP-2-20111104 / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {612 - Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory (POF3-612) / Solar
                      and Geo-neutrino Analysis with Borexino $(jikp20_20190501)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-612 / $G:(DE-Juel1)jikp20_20190501$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33239797},
      UT           = {WOS:000603059500011},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41586-020-2934-0},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889011},
}