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@ARTICLE{PahlWostl:889013,
      author       = {Pahl-Wostl, Claudia and Gorris, Philipp and Jager, Nicolas
                      and Koch, Larissa and Lebel, Louis and Stein, Christian and
                      Venghaus, Sandra and Withanachchi, Sisira},
      title        = {{S}cale-related governance challenges in the
                      water–energy–food nexus: toward a diagnostic approach},
      journal      = {Sustainability science},
      volume       = {16},
      issn         = {1862-4057},
      address      = {Tokyo},
      publisher    = {Springer Japan},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-05387},
      pages        = {615–629},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The notion of a water–energy–food (WEF) nexus was
                      introduced to encourage a more holistic perspective on the
                      sustainable development of natural resources. Most attention
                      has been directed at identifying potential synergies and
                      trade-offs among sectors that could be addressed with
                      improved technologies and management. The governance of the
                      WEF nexus more broadly has received comparatively little
                      attention, and the importance of scale in space and time has
                      been largely ignored. Inspired by scholarship on multi-level
                      governance in individual sectors, this paper identifies four
                      scale-related governance challenges in the WEF nexus,
                      namely: (1) scalar fit, which arises when planning and
                      operating procedures work at different levels along the
                      scales of space and time in different sectors; (2) scalar
                      strategies, wherever the levels at which actors have
                      influence and in which action takes place are contested and
                      negotiated; (3) institutional interplay, where rules and
                      norms in different sectors influence each other at different
                      levels; (4) scalar uncertainty, arising out of the
                      complexity of multi-level and multi-scale interactions. The
                      relevance of these four challenges is illustrated with case
                      studies from developed and developing countries. These
                      examples show the importance of considering multiple levels
                      and scales when assessing the likely effectiveness of WEF
                      nexus governance mechanisms or proposals. The cases
                      underline the need to pay close attention to issues of
                      power, contestation, and negotiation, in addition to the
                      analysis of institutional design. Thus, this paper
                      recommends that nexus governance efforts and proposals be
                      scrutinized for scale assumptions. The four identified
                      challenges offer a suitable starting point for diagnosis.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {1111 - Effective System Transformation Pathways (POF4-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000600078000001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11625-020-00888-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889013},
}