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@ARTICLE{Aili:889043,
      author       = {Aili, David and Becker, Hans and Reimer, Uwe and Andreasen,
                      Jens Wenzel and Cleemann, Lars N. and Jensen, Jens Oluf and
                      Pan, Chao and Wang, Xingdong and Lehnert, Werner and Li,
                      Qingfeng},
      title        = {{P}hosphoric {A}cid {D}ynamics in {H}igh {T}emperature
                      {P}olymer {E}lectrolyte {M}embranes},
      journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
      volume       = {167},
      number       = {13},
      issn         = {1945-7111},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-05413},
      pages        = {134507 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Phosphoric acid is amphoteric and has been used to dope
                      basic polymer, e.g. polybenzimidazole, membranes and acidic
                      polymer, e.g. perfluorosulfonic acid, membranes. Both
                      membrane systems exhibit high proton conductivities at
                      temperatures above 100 °C under anhydrous conditions. The
                      former has been developed into a commercial fuel cell
                      technology while the latter can only deliver a few mA cm−2
                      in fuel cells and hydrogen pumping cells. In this work, it
                      is experimentally verified that the current window of acid
                      doped perfluorosulfonic acid membranes in electrochemical
                      cells under dry conditions is limited by the migration of
                      H4PO4+ species in combination with the slow H3PO4 diffusion.
                      The phosphoric acid dynamics were monitored in a cell
                      equipped with integrated reference electrodes in the
                      electrolyte membrane, which allowed for quantification of
                      the phosphoric acid in different membrane segments. From the
                      time-resolved measurements, the H4PO4+ transference number
                      was found to be as high as $52\%$ under dry conditions. In
                      combination with the slow H3PO4 back-diffusion, which was
                      5–6 orders of magnitude lower than that of water, the
                      migration of H4PO4+ towards the cathode results in rapid
                      resistance increase at the anode-membrane interface,
                      ultimately leading to the cell failure.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000575210800001},
      doi          = {10.1149/1945-7111/abb70c},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889043},
}