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@ARTICLE{Grodzinsky:889141,
      author       = {Grodzinsky, Yosef and Behrent, Kim and Agmon, Galit and
                      Bittner, Nora and Jockwitz, Christiane and Caspers, Svenja
                      and Amunts, Katrin and Heim, Stefan},
      title        = {{A} linguistic complexity pattern that defies aging: {T}he
                      processing of multiple negations},
      journal      = {Journal of neurolinguistics},
      volume       = {58},
      issn         = {0911-6044},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00066},
      pages        = {100982 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {We know that linguistic ability tends to diminish in aging.
                      The question we addressed was whether it is selectively
                      affected, and if so, whether aging affects sentence
                      processing in the same way it affects other cognitive
                      abilities. To this end, we conducted a fine-grained
                      investigation into a critical aspect of sentences – the
                      number of negations they contain. We studied the processing
                      costs of multiple negations in a cross-sectional design with
                      105 healthy aging participants who performed a truth-value
                      judgement task. Quantifier-containing sentences with 0, 1 or
                      2 negations were juxtaposed to images with arrays of blue
                      and yellow circles. This design enabled us to assess the
                      cost of negation from a novel perspective. In parallel, we
                      tested these participants on standard measures of cognitive
                      aging.In addition to the typical slowing caused by aging,
                      and by an added negation, we found that aging effects were
                      restricted: they did not accumulate with the number of
                      negations. Rather, processing speed in the conditions with
                      one negation (negative statements) were affected by aging,
                      whereas it was unaffected in conditions with an even number
                      (zero/two) of negations (positive statements). We conclude
                      that aging affects negation processing in a manner
                      determined by its total negativity value of a sentence (a k
                      a monotonicity), not the number of negations it contains.
                      Our findings challenge both the idea of global incremental
                      processing-cost, and of non-specific cognitive slowing in
                      aging. That is, the cost of processing, as well as the
                      course of the aging of the sentence processor are
                      constrained by highly specific linguistic considerations.},
      cin          = {INM-1},
      ddc          = {400},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {525 - Decoding Brain Organization and Dysfunction
                      (POF4-525) / HBP SGA2 - Human Brain Project Specific Grant
                      Agreement 2 (785907) / HBP SGA1 - Human Brain Project
                      Specific Grant Agreement 1 (720270)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-525 / G:(EU-Grant)785907 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)720270},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000623538300016},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jneuroling.2020.100982},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889141},
}