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@ARTICLE{Scheiffele:889191,
      author       = {Scheiffele, Lena M. and Baroni, Gabriele and Franz, Trenton
                      E. and Jakobi, Jannis and Oswald, Sascha E.},
      title        = {{A} profile shape correction to reduce the vertical
                      sensitivity of cosmic‐ray neutron sensing of soil
                      moisture},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00101},
      pages        = {e20083},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {In recent years, cosmic‐ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has
                      shown a large potential among proximal sensing techniques to
                      monitor soil moisture noninvasively, with high frequency and
                      a large support volume (radius up to 240 m and sensing depth
                      up to 80 cm). This signal is, however, more sensitive to
                      closer distances and shallower depths. Inherently,
                      CRNS‐derived soil moisture is a spatially weighted value,
                      different from an average soil moisture as retrieved by a
                      sensor network. In this study, we systematically test a new
                      profile shape correction on CRNS‐derived soil moisture,
                      based on additional soil moisture profile measurements and
                      vertical unweighting, which is especially relevant during
                      pronounced wetting or drying fronts. The analyses are
                      conducted with data collected at four contrasting field
                      sites, each equipped with a CRNS probe and a distributed
                      soil moisture sensor network. After applying the profile
                      shape correction on CRNS‐derived soil moisture, it is
                      compared with the sensor network average. Results show that
                      the influence of the vertical sensitivity of CRNS on
                      integral soil moisture values is successfully reduced. One
                      to three properly located profile measurements within the
                      CRNS support volume improve the performance. For the four
                      investigated field sites, the RMSE decreased $11–53\%$
                      when only one profile location was considered. We therefore
                      recommend to install along with a CRNS at least one soil
                      moisture profile in a radial distance <100 m and a
                      measurement depth down to 50 cm.
                      Profile‐shape‐corrected, CRNS‐derived soil moisture is
                      an unweighted integral soil moisture over the support
                      volume, which is easier to interpret and easier to use for
                      further applications.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000618773300076},
      doi          = {10.1002/vzj2.20083},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889191},
}