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@ARTICLE{Mojze:889204,
author = {Mojzeš, Peter and Gao, Lu and Ismagulova, Tatiana and
Pilátová, Jana and Moudříková, Šárka and Gorelova,
Olga and Solovchenko, Alexei and Nedbal, Ladislav and Salih,
Anya},
title = {{G}uanine, a high-capacity and rapid-turnover nitrogen
reserve in microalgal cells},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
volume = {117},
number = {51},
issn = {1091-6490},
address = {Washington, DC},
publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences},
reportid = {FZJ-2021-00114},
pages = {32722 - 32730},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for microalgae,
influencing their productivity, composition, and growth
dynamics. Despite the dramatic consequences of N starvation,
many free-living and endosymbiotic microalgae thrive in
N-poor and N-fluctuating environments, giving rise to
questions about the existence and nature of their long-term
N reserves. Our understanding of these processes requires a
unequivocal identification of the N reserves in microalgal
cells as well as their turnover kinetics and subcellular
localization. Herein, we identified crystalline guanine as
the enigmatic large-capacity and rapid-turnover N reserve of
microalgae. The identification was unambiguously supported
by confocal Raman, fluorescence, and analytical transmission
electron microscopies as well as stable isotope labeling. We
discovered that the storing capacity for crystalline guanine
by the marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae was
sufficient to support N requirements for several new
generations. We determined that N reserves were rapidly
accumulated from guanine available in the environment as
well as biosynthesized from various N-containing nutrients.
Storage of exogenic N in the form of crystalline guanine was
found broadly distributed across taxonomically distant
groups of microalgae from diverse habitats, from freshwater
and marine free-living forms to endosymbiotic microalgae of
reef-building corals (Acropora millepora, Euphyllia
paraancora). We propose that crystalline guanine is the
elusive N depot that mitigates the negative consequences of
episodic N shortage. Guanine (C5H5N5O) may act similarly to
cyanophycin (C10H19N5O5) granules in cyanobacteria.
Considering the phytoplankton nitrogen pool size and
dynamics, guanine is proposed to be an important storage
form participating in the global N cycle.},
cin = {IBG-2},
ddc = {500},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
pnm = {2171 - Biological and environmental resources for
sustainable use (POF4-217)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
pubmed = {pmid:33293415},
UT = {WOS:000601315200064},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2005460117},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889204},
}