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@ARTICLE{Mojze:889204,
      author       = {Mojzeš, Peter and Gao, Lu and Ismagulova, Tatiana and
                      Pilátová, Jana and Moudříková, Šárka and Gorelova,
                      Olga and Solovchenko, Alexei and Nedbal, Ladislav and Salih,
                      Anya},
      title        = {{G}uanine, a high-capacity and rapid-turnover nitrogen
                      reserve in microalgal cells},
      journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                      United States of America},
      volume       = {117},
      number       = {51},
      issn         = {1091-6490},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {National Acad. of Sciences},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00114},
      pages        = {32722 - 32730},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for microalgae,
                      influencing their productivity, composition, and growth
                      dynamics. Despite the dramatic consequences of N starvation,
                      many free-living and endosymbiotic microalgae thrive in
                      N-poor and N-fluctuating environments, giving rise to
                      questions about the existence and nature of their long-term
                      N reserves. Our understanding of these processes requires a
                      unequivocal identification of the N reserves in microalgal
                      cells as well as their turnover kinetics and subcellular
                      localization. Herein, we identified crystalline guanine as
                      the enigmatic large-capacity and rapid-turnover N reserve of
                      microalgae. The identification was unambiguously supported
                      by confocal Raman, fluorescence, and analytical transmission
                      electron microscopies as well as stable isotope labeling. We
                      discovered that the storing capacity for crystalline guanine
                      by the marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae was
                      sufficient to support N requirements for several new
                      generations. We determined that N reserves were rapidly
                      accumulated from guanine available in the environment as
                      well as biosynthesized from various N-containing nutrients.
                      Storage of exogenic N in the form of crystalline guanine was
                      found broadly distributed across taxonomically distant
                      groups of microalgae from diverse habitats, from freshwater
                      and marine free-living forms to endosymbiotic microalgae of
                      reef-building corals (Acropora millepora, Euphyllia
                      paraancora). We propose that crystalline guanine is the
                      elusive N depot that mitigates the negative consequences of
                      episodic N shortage. Guanine (C5H5N5O) may act similarly to
                      cyanophycin (C10H19N5O5) granules in cyanobacteria.
                      Considering the phytoplankton nitrogen pool size and
                      dynamics, guanine is proposed to be an important storage
                      form participating in the global N cycle.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2171 - Biological and environmental resources for
                      sustainable use (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33293415},
      UT           = {WOS:000601315200064},
      doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2005460117},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889204},
}