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@ARTICLE{BayrakPehlivan:889205,
      author       = {Bayrak Pehlivan, İ. and Malm, U. and Neretnieks, P. and
                      Glüsen, A. and Müller, Martin and Welter, K. and Haas, S.
                      and Calnan, S. and Canino, A. and Milazzo, R. G. and
                      Privitera, S. M. S. and Lombardo, S. A. and Stolt, L. and
                      Edoff, M. and Edvinsson, T.},
      title        = {{T}he climatic response of thermally integrated
                      photovoltaic–electrolysis water splitting using {S}i and
                      {CIGS} combined with acidic and alkaline electrolysis},
      journal      = {Sustainable energy $\&$ fuels},
      volume       = {4},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {2398-4902},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00115},
      pages        = {6011 - 6022},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The Horizon 2020 project PECSYS aims to build a large area
                      demonstrator for hydrogen production from solar energy via
                      integrated photovoltaic (PV) and electrolysis systems of
                      different types. In this study, Si- and CIGS-based
                      photovoltaics are developed together with three different
                      electrolyzer systems for use in the corresponding integrated
                      devices. The systems are experimentally evaluated and a
                      general model is developed to investigate the hydrogen yield
                      under real climatic conditions for various thin film and
                      silicon PV technologies and electrolyser combinations. PV
                      characteristics using a Si heterojunction (SHJ), thin film
                      CuInxGa1−xSe2, crystalline Si with passivated emitter rear
                      totally diffused and thin film Si are used together with
                      temperature dependent catalyst load curves from both acidic
                      and alkaline approaches. Electrolysis data were collected
                      from (i) a Pt–IrO2-based acidic electrolysis system, and
                      (ii) NiMoW–NiO-based and (iii) Pt–Ni foam-based alkaline
                      electrolysis systems. The calculations were performed for
                      mid-European climate data from Jülich, Germany, which will
                      be the installation site. The best systems show an
                      electricity-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of $74\%$ and
                      over $12\%$ solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies using both
                      acidic and alkaline approaches and are validated with a
                      smaller lab scale prototype. The results show that the lower
                      power delivered by all the PV technologies under low
                      irradiation is balanced by the lower demand for
                      overpotentials for all the electrolysis approaches at these
                      currents, with more or less retained STH efficiency over the
                      full year if the catalyst area is the same as the PV area
                      for the alkaline approach. The total yield of hydrogen,
                      however, follows the irradiance, where a yearly hydrogen
                      production of over 35 kg can be achieved for a 10 m2
                      integrated PV–electrolysis system for several of the PV
                      and electrolyser combinations that also allow a significant
                      (100-fold) reduction in necessary electrolyser area for the
                      acidic approach. Measuring the catalyst systems under
                      intermittent and ramping conditions with different
                      temperatures, a $5\%$ lowering of the yearly hydrogen yield
                      is extracted for some of the catalyst systems while the
                      Pt–Ni foam-based alkaline system showed unaffected or even
                      slightly increased yearly yield under the same conditions.},
      cin          = {IEK-5 / IEK-14},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121) / 134 -
                      Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000593581500008},
      doi          = {10.1039/D0SE01207F},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889205},
}