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@ARTICLE{Wolters:889378,
      author       = {Wolters, Tim and Cremer, Nils and Eisele, Michael and
                      Herrmann, Frank and Kreins, Peter and Kunkel, Ralf and
                      Wendland, Frank},
      title        = {{C}hecking the {P}lausibility of {M}odelled {N}itrate
                      {C}oncentrations in the {L}eachate on {F}ederal {S}tate
                      {S}cale in {G}ermany},
      journal      = {Water},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2073-4441},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00261},
      pages        = {226 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {In Germany, modelled nitrate concentrations in the leachate
                      are of great importance for the development of scenarios for
                      the long-term achievement of the groundwater quality target
                      according to the specific requirements of the EU Water
                      Framework Directive as well as within the context of the
                      recently adopted general administrative regulation for the
                      designation of nitrate-polluted areas in Germany. For the
                      German federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and
                      Rhineland-Palatinate (RLP), an area-covering modelling of
                      mean long-term nitrate concentrations in leachate with high
                      spatial resolution was carried out using the model system
                      RAUMIS-mGROWA-DENUZ. Hotspot regions with nitrate
                      concentrations in the leachate of 50 mg NO3/L and more were
                      identified for intensively farmed areas in the Münsterland,
                      Lower Rhine, and Vorderpfalz. The validity of modelled
                      values was checked using measured values from 1119
                      preselected monitoring stations from shallow springs and
                      aquifers filtered near to the surface with oxidizing
                      properties. For the land use categories of urban areas,
                      arable land, grassland, and forest, an at least good
                      agreement of modelled nitrate concentrations in the leachate
                      and measured nitrate concentrations in groundwater was
                      obtained at numerous sites. An equally good agreement was
                      obtained for 1461 measuring stations from the area of
                      responsibility of the Erftverband, which is a major water
                      supplier in the Lower Rhine region. Here, discrepancies have
                      been analyzed in detail due to profound regional knowledge
                      on observation sites. It turned out that in most cases,
                      accuracy limitations of input data (e.g., N balance
                      surpluses of agriculture at the municipal level, 1:50,000
                      soil map) have been the reason for larger deviations between
                      observed and modelled values. In a broader sense, the case
                      study has shown on the one hand that the model system
                      RAUMIS-mGROWA-DENUZ is able to reliably represent
                      interrelationships and influencing factors that determine
                      simulated nitrate concentrations in the leachate. On the
                      other hand, it has been proven that observed nitrate
                      concentrations in groundwater may provide a solid data
                      source for checking the plausibility of modelled nitrate
                      concentrations in leachate in cases where certain
                      preselection criteria are applied.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000611766300001},
      doi          = {10.3390/w13020226},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889378},
}