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@ARTICLE{Schfer:889654,
      author       = {Schäfer, Dominik and Janssen, Tomke and Fang, Qingping and
                      Mertens, Frank and Blum, Ludger},
      title        = {{S}ystem-supporting {O}peration of {S}olid-oxide
                      {E}lectrolysis {S}tacks},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00286},
      pages        = {544},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Flexible, system-oriented operating strategies are becoming
                      increasingly important in terms of achieving a
                      climate-neutral energy system transformation. Solid-oxide
                      electrolysis (SOEC) can play an important role in the
                      production of green synthesis gas from renewable energy in
                      the future. Therefore, it is important to investigate the
                      extent to which SOEC can be used flexibly and which feedback
                      effects and constraints must be taken into account. In this
                      study, we derived a specific load profile from an energy
                      turnaround scenario that supports the energy system. SOEC
                      short-stacks were operated and we investigated the impact
                      that the load profile has on electrical stack performance
                      and stack degradation as well as the product gas composition
                      by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The
                      stacks could follow the grid-related requirement profiles of
                      secondary control power and minute reserves very well with
                      transition times of less than two minutes per $25\%$ of
                      relative power. Only short-term disturbances of the H2/CO
                      ratio were observed during transitions due to the adjustment
                      of feed gases. No elevated degradation effects resulting
                      from flexible operation were apparent over 1300 h, although
                      other causes of degradation were present.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / 1231 - Electrochemistry for
                      Hydrogen (POF4-123) / SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
                      (SOFC-20140602)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000615048000001},
      doi          = {10.3390/en14030544},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889654},
}