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@ARTICLE{RaviShankar:889850,
      author       = {Ravi Shankar, Sandheep and Garcia-Batlle, Marisé and
                      Bisquert, Juan and Garcia-Belmonte, Germà and Odrobina,
                      Jann and Schiller, Carl-Albrecht},
      title        = {{R}emoving {I}nstability-{C}aused {L}ow-{F}requency
                      {F}eatures in {S}mall {P}erturbation {S}pectra of
                      {P}erovskite {S}olar {C}ells},
      journal      = {The journal of physical chemistry / C},
      volume       = {124},
      number       = {29},
      issn         = {1932-7447},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00458},
      pages        = {15793 - 15799},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Small-perturbation frequency-domain techniques such as
                      impedance spectroscopy and intensity-modulated photocurrent
                      spectroscopy (IMPS) have become important methods for the
                      investigation of the physical working mechanisms of the
                      perovskite solar cell (PSC). The validity of these methods
                      relies on assuming sample stability at the given steady
                      state. Through a series of IMPS measurements, we identify
                      that this assumption is invalid in certain cases for both
                      iodide and bromide-based PSCs that show strong time drift in
                      their IMPS response, noticeable in particular at low
                      frequencies, which are usually connected with the kinetics
                      of ionic motion and interaction with outer electrodes. Using
                      time course interpolation and a corrective Z-HIT algorithm
                      that connects the modulus of the IMPS transfer function and
                      its phase, we identify that the low-frequency arc/tail is in
                      certain cases an artifact generated by time drift of the
                      sample. Since the low-frequency data in an IMPS measurement
                      of the PSC provide important information regarding its
                      differential external quantum efficiency, care must be taken
                      to ascertain the origin and validity of the low-frequency
                      phenomena. Validity test is performed by using a combination
                      of corrective algorithms mentioned above and several
                      measurements over time to obtain stabilized spectra
                      virtually free of time drift.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000555507000013},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c04050},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889850},
}