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@ARTICLE{Vaupel:889901,
      author       = {Vaupel, Yannic and Schulze, Jan C. and Mhamdi, Adel and
                      Mitsos, Alexander},
      title        = {{N}onlinear model predictive control of organic {R}ankine
                      cycles for automotive waste heat recovery: {I}s it worth the
                      effort?},
      journal      = {Journal of process control},
      volume       = {99},
      issn         = {0959-1524},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00509},
      pages        = {19 - 27},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Using organic Rankine cycles (ORC) for waste heat recovery
                      in vehicles promises significant reductions in fuel
                      consumption. Controlling the organic Rankine cycle, however,
                      is difficult due to the highly transient exhaust gas
                      conditions. To tackle this issue, nonlinear model predictive
                      control (NMPC) has been proposed and approximate NMPC
                      solutions have been investigated to reduce computational
                      demand. Herein, we compare (i) an idealized economic NMPC
                      (eNMPC) scheme as a benchmark to (ii) a NMPC enforcing
                      minimal superheat and (iii) a PI controller with dynamic
                      feed-forward term (PI-ff) in a control case study with
                      highly transient disturbances. We show that, for an ORC
                      system with supersonic turbine, the economic control problem
                      can be reduced to a single-input single-output superheat
                      tracking problem combined with a decoupled steady-state
                      real-time optimization (RTO) of turbine operation, assuming
                      an idealized condenser. Our results indicate that the NMPC
                      enforcing minimal superheat provides good control
                      performance with negligible losses in average power compared
                      to the full solution of the economic NMPC problem and that
                      even PI-ff only results in marginal losses in average power
                      compared to the model-based controllers.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {004},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {1121 - Digitalization and Systems Technology for
                      Flexibility Solutions (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000631697100001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jprocont.2021.01.003},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889901},
}