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@ARTICLE{Ostovari:889914,
      author       = {Ostovari, Hesam and Sternberg, André and Bardow, André},
      title        = {{R}ock ‘n’ use of {CO} 2 : carbon footprint of carbon
                      capture and utilization by mineralization},
      journal      = {Sustainable energy $\&$ fuels},
      volume       = {4},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {2398-4902},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00522},
      pages        = {4482 - 4496},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {A recent approach to reduce the carbon footprint of
                      industries with process-inherent CO2 emissions is CO2
                      mineralization. Mineralization stores CO2 by converting it
                      into a thermodynamically stable solid. Beyond storing CO2,
                      the products of CO2 mineralization can potentially
                      substitute conventional products in several industries.
                      Substituting conventional production increases both the
                      economic and the environmental potential of carbon capture
                      and utilization (CCU) by mineralization. The promising
                      potential of CO2 mineralization is, however, challenged by
                      the high energy demand required to overcome the slow
                      reaction kinetics. To provide a sound assessment of the
                      climate impacts of CCU by mineralization, we determine the
                      carbon footprint of CCU by mineralization based on life
                      cycle assessment. For this purpose, we analyze 7 pathways
                      proposed in literature: 5 direct and 2 indirect
                      mineralization pathways, considering serpentine, olivine,
                      and steel slag as feedstock. The mineralization products are
                      employed to partially substitute cement in blended cement.
                      Our results show that all considered CCU technologies for
                      mineralization could reduce climate impacts over the entire
                      life cycle based on the current state-of-the-art and today's
                      energy mix. Reductions range from 0.44 to 1.17 ton CO2e per
                      ton CO2 stored. To estimate an upper bound on the potential
                      of CCU by mineralization, we consider an
                      ideal-mineralization scenario that neglects all process
                      inefficiencies and utilizes the entire product. For this
                      ideal mineralization, mineralization of 1 ton CO2 could even
                      avoid up to 3.2 times more greenhouse gas emissions than
                      only storing CO2. For all mineralization pathways, the
                      carbon footprint is mainly reduced due to the permanent
                      storage of CO2 and the credit for substituting conventional
                      products. Thus, developing suitable products is critical to
                      realize the potential benefits in practice. Then, carbon
                      capture and utilization by mineralization could provide a
                      promising route for climate change mitigation.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000563991800048},
      doi          = {10.1039/D0SE00190B},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889914},
}