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@ARTICLE{Deutz:889915,
      author       = {Deutz, Sarah and Bardow, André},
      title        = {{H}ow ({C}arbon) {N}egative {I}s {D}irect {A}ir {C}apture?
                      {L}ife {C}ycle {A}ssessment of an {I}ndustrial
                      {T}emperature-{V}acuum {S}wing {A}dsorption {P}rocess},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00523},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Current climate targets require negative emissions. Direct
                      air capture (DAC) is a promising negative emission
                      technology, but energy and materials demands lead to
                      trade-offs with indirect emissions and other environmental
                      impacts. Here, we show by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that
                      the first commercial DAC plants in Hinwil and Hellisheiði
                      can achieve negative emissions already today with carbon
                      capture efficiencies of 85.4 $\%$ and 93.1 $\%.$ Climate
                      benefits of DAC, however, depend strongly on the energy
                      source. When using low-carbon energy, as in Hellisheiði,
                      adsorbent choice and plant construction become important
                      with up to 45 and 15 gCO<sub>2e</sub> per kg CO<sub>2</sub>
                      captured, respectively. Large-scale deployment of DAC
                      for<br>1 $\%$ of the global annual CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
                      would not be limited by material and energy availability.
                      Other environmental impacts would increase by less than
                      0.057 $\%.$ Energy source and efficiency are essential for
                      DAC to enable both negative emissions and low-carbon
                      fuels.<br>},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.26434/chemrxiv.12833747.v1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/889915},
}