TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qiu, Kaifu
AU  - Bittkau, Karsten
AU  - Lambertz, Andreas
AU  - Duan, Weiyuan
AU  - Liang, Zongcun
AU  - Shen, Hui
AU  - Rau, Uwe
AU  - Ding, Kaining
TI  - The Impact of Reflectance Variation in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells and Modules on the Perception of Color Differences
JO  - IEEE journal of photovoltaics
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SN  - 2156-3403
CY  - New York, NY
PB  - IEEE
M1  - FZJ-2021-00656
SP  - 306 - 311
PY  - 2021
AB  - The color produced by visible light that reflects from the photovoltaic modules can influence visual aesthetics for colored photovoltaic applications, such as the building integrated photo-voltaic and the vehicles integrated photovoltaic. How two colors lying close together can be perceived by the human eye is important for aesthetic design. In this article, we investigate the reflectance spectra  variation  caused  by  the  variation  of  indium  tin  oxide thickness and incidence angle of sunlight based on the well-known silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules. By converting the reflectance spectra into the Delta E 2000 value, we quantify whether differences in color can be perceived. The colors are also predicted based on the standard red, green, and blue color space. The results show that the reflectance variation because of an ITO thickness deviation of 5 nm in SHJ solar cells leads to a perceptible color difference,  which  can  be  suppressed  after  encapsulation  but  is still perceptible on close observation. The ITO thickness deviation should be controlled within 3 nm to produce a nearly imperceptible visual appearance. The color difference of SHJ modules with an ITO thickness of 70 nm is nearly imperceptible if the incidence angle is below 70°. For comparison, the color differences of the passivated emitter and rear contact solar cells using SiNx as an antireflection layer is also investigated
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000621413300008
DO  - DOI:10.1109/JPHOTOV.2020.3048240
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/890066
ER  -