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@ARTICLE{Classen:890081,
      author       = {Classen, Andrej and Chochos, Christos L. and Lüer, Larry
                      and Gregoriou, Vasilis G. and Wortmann, Jonas and Osvet,
                      Andres and Forberich, Karen and McCulloch, Iain and
                      Heumüller, Thomas and Brabec, Christoph J.},
      title        = {{T}he role of exciton lifetime for charge generation in
                      organic solar cells at negligible energy-level offsets},
      journal      = {Nature energy},
      volume       = {5},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {2058-7546},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00671},
      pages        = {711 - 719},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Organic solar cells utilize an energy-level offset to
                      generate free charge carriers. Although a very small
                      energy-level offset increases the open-circuit voltage, it
                      remains unclear how exactly charge generation is affected.
                      Here we investigate organic solar cell blends with highest
                      occupied molecular orbital energy-level offsets (∆EHOMO)
                      between the donor and acceptor that range from 0 to 300 meV.
                      We demonstrate that exciton quenching at a negligible
                      ∆EHOMO takes place on timescales that approach the exciton
                      lifetime of the pristine materials, which drastically limits
                      the external quantum efficiency. We quantitatively describe
                      this finding via the Boltzmann stationary-state equilibrium
                      between charge-transfer states and excitons and further
                      reveal a long exciton lifetime to be decisive in maintaining
                      an efficient charge generation at a negligible ∆EHOMO.
                      Moreover, the Boltzmann equilibrium quantitatively describes
                      the major reduction in non-radiative voltage losses at a
                      very small ∆EHOMO. Ultimately, highly luminescent
                      near-infrared emitters with very long exciton lifetimes are
                      suggested to enable highly efficient organic solar cells.},
      cin          = {IEK-11},
      ddc          = {330},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-11-20140314},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000564493100001},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41560-020-00684-7},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/890081},
}