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@ARTICLE{Distler:890084,
      author       = {Distler, Andreas and Brabec, Christoph J. and Egelhaaf,
                      Hans‐Joachim},
      title        = {{O}rganic photovoltaic modules with new world record
                      efficiencies},
      journal      = {Progress in photovoltaics},
      volume       = {29},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1099-159X},
      address      = {Chichester},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00674},
      pages        = {24 - 31},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {During the last years, the development of new active
                      materials has led to constant improvement in the power
                      conversion efficiency (PCE) of solution‐processed organic
                      photovoltaics (OPV) to nowadays record values above $17\%$
                      on small lab cells. In this work, we show the developments
                      and results of a successful upscaling of such highly
                      efficient OPV systems to the module level on large areas,
                      which yielded two new certified world record efficiencies,
                      namely, $12.6\%$ on a module area of 26 cm2 and $11.7\%$ on
                      a module area of 204 cm2. The decisive developments leading
                      to this achievement include the optimization of the module
                      layout as well as the high‐resolution short‐pulse
                      (nanosecond) laser structuring processes involved in the
                      manufacturing of such modules. By minimizing the inactive
                      areas within the total module area that are used for
                      interconnecting the individual solar cells of the module in
                      series, geometric fill factors of over $95\%$ have been
                      achieved. A production yield of $100\%$ working modules
                      during the manufacturing of these modules and an extremely
                      narrow distribution of the final PCE values underline the
                      excellent process control and reproducibility of the
                      results. The new developments and their implementation into
                      the production process of the record OPV modules are
                      described in detail, along with the challenges that arose
                      during this development. Finally, dark lock‐in
                      thermography (DLIT), electroluminescence (EL), and
                      photoluminescence (PL) measurements of the record module are
                      presented.},
      cin          = {IEK-11},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-11-20140314},
      pnm          = {121 - Photovoltaik und Windenergie (POF4-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000569227600001},
      doi          = {10.1002/pip.3336},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/890084},
}