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@ARTICLE{Du:890133,
      author       = {Du, Xiaoyan and Heumueller, Thomas and Gruber, Wolfgang and
                      Almora, Osbel and Classen, Andrej and Qu, Jianfei and He,
                      Feng and Unruh, Tobias and Li, Ning and Brabec, Christoph
                      J.},
      title        = {{U}nraveling the {M}icrostructure‐{R}elated {D}evice
                      {S}tability for {P}olymer {S}olar {C}ells {B}ased on
                      {N}onfullerene {S}mall‐{M}olecular {A}cceptors},
      journal      = {Advanced materials},
      volume       = {32},
      number       = {16},
      issn         = {1521-4095},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00722},
      pages        = {1908305},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {As the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar
                      cells (OSCs) has surpassed the $17\%$ baseline, the
                      long‐term stability of highly efficient OSCs is essential
                      for the practical application of this photovoltaic
                      technology. Here, the photostability and possible
                      degradation mechanisms of three state‐of‐the‐art
                      polymer donors with a commonly used nonfullerene acceptor
                      (NFA), IT‐4F, are investigated. The active‐layer
                      materials show excellent intrinsic photostability. The
                      initial morphology, in particular the mixed region, causes
                      degradation predominantly in the fill factor (FF) under
                      illumination. Electron traps are formed due to the
                      reorganization of polymers and diffusion‐limited
                      aggregation of NFAs to assemble small isolated acceptor
                      domains under illumination. These electron traps lead to
                      losses mainly in FF, which is in contradistinction to the
                      degradation mechanisms observed for fullerene‐based OSCs.
                      Control of the composition of NFAs close to the
                      thermodynamic equilibrium limit while keeping adequate
                      electron percolation and improving the initial polymer and
                      NFA ordering are of the essence to stabilize the FF in
                      NFA‐based solar cells, which may be the key tactics to
                      develop next‐generation OSCs with high efficiency as well
                      as excellent stability.},
      cin          = {IEK-11},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-11-20140314},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121) / 540 -
                      Advanced Engineering Materials (POF3-500)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-540},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {32108389},
      UT           = {WOS:000516873200001},
      doi          = {10.1002/adma.201908305},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/890133},
}