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@ARTICLE{Bernhard:890425,
      author       = {Bernhard, David and Kadyk, Thomas and Krewer, Ulrike and
                      Kirsch, Sebastian},
      title        = {{H}ow {P}latinum {O}xide {A}ffects the {D}egradation
                      {A}nalysis of {PEM} {F}uel{C}ell {C}athodes},
      journal      = {International journal of hydrogen energy},
      volume       = {46},
      number       = {26},
      issn         = {0360-3199},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-00945},
      pages        = {13791-13805},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {In this work, proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes
                      are degraded with accelerated-stress-tests.These PtCo
                      containing cathodes are analyzed at begin-of-life and
                      end-of-test with a dedicated diagnostic procedure. For every
                      individual load point, the oxygen transport resistance and
                      voltage losses due to the formation of platinum oxides were
                      obtained in addition to commonly measured electrochemical
                      surface area, high frequency resistance, as well as cathode
                      ionomer resistance. These data were used to break down the
                      voltage losses into six different contributors. With this
                      break down, performance gains and performance losses were
                      determined at end-of-test. At low current densities, it was
                      found that voltage losses due to degradation are dominated
                      by the loss of specific activity and catalyst surface area -
                      in line with the state-of-the-art knowledge. But by
                      quantifying the losses from platinum oxide formation
                      explicitly, we show that end-of-test an unassigned voltage
                      loss is not only present at highest current densities, but
                      already at low current density. More precisely, the
                      unassigned voltage loss shows a linear increase with
                      decreasing half cell voltage and is independent from the
                      chosen accelerated stress test. As this unassigned loss
                      depends on half cell voltage, it might arise from ionomer
                      adsorption.},
      cin          = {IEK-13 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-13-20190226 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {122 - Elektrochemische Energiespeicherung (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000636315800012},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.058},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/890425},
}