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@INPROCEEDINGS{Ma:890960,
      author       = {Ma, Qianli and Lan, Tu and Tsai, Chih-Long and
                      Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina and Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{S}ome developments of solid-state sodium batteries in
                      {F}orschungszentrum {J}ülich},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01276},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Some developments of solid-state sodium batteries in
                      Forschungszentrum JülichQianli Ma1, Tu Lan1, Chih-Long
                      Tsai1, Frank Tietz1, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing1,2, Olivier
                      Guillon1,3 1. Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of
                      Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and
                      Processing (IEK-1), 52425 Jülich, Germany2. Department of
                      Engineering and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen
                      (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg‐Essen, 47057 Duisburg,
                      Germany3. Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy,
                      52425 Jülich, Germanye-mail address:
                      q.ma@fz-juelich.deCompared to their lithium counterpart,
                      solid-state sodium battery (SSNB) is regarded to have
                      similar properties but is a much less mature technology
                      because it is much less addressed. Besides their well-known
                      natural endowment like high element abundance, low price
                      etc., in the present study, some technological advantages of
                      SSNBs are discussed in comparison with solid-state lithium
                      batteries (SSLBs). Very recently, Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12
                      (NZSP) ceramics were reported to have total conductivity of
                      5 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C, higher than previously reported
                      polycrystalline Na-ion conductors.[1] Inhibition of dendrite
                      growth in SSLBs and SSNBs has long been a challenge to the
                      field. In the present study, with simply sticking sodium
                      metal to NZSP ceramic pellets and without external pressure
                      applied during operation, the critical current density of
                      Na/NZSP/Na symmetric SSNBs reaches 9 mA cm-2 at 25°C. The
                      cells can be stably operated at areal capacity of 5 mAh cm-2
                      (per half cycle, with 1.0 mA cm-2) at 25°C for 300 h in a
                      galvanostatic cycling measurement without any dendrite
                      formation. This critical current density is much higher than
                      those of existing SSLBs operated at similar conditions. The
                      influence of metal self-diffusion on the dendritic plating
                      is the main explanation of the high dendrite tolerance of
                      SSNBs. In this report, the inter-ceramic contact problems in
                      the cathode are also solved by combining the infiltration of
                      a porous electrolyte scaffold by precursor solution with in
                      situ synthesis of electrode active material.[2,3] The
                      resulting full cells using Na3V2P3O12, NZSP and Na as the
                      positive electrode, electrolyte and negative electrode
                      materials, respectively, can be stably operated with a
                      capacity of 0.55 mAh cm-2 at high rate of 0.5 mA cm-2. This
                      is the first successful example showing that contact
                      problems between rigid electrolyte and electrode materials
                      can be solved without using any soft phase (liquid,
                      polymers, ionic liquids etc.) as an accommodation or wetting
                      medium. Since SSNBs have these advantages while SSLBs have
                      not, the future roadmap of the development of solid-state
                      batteries may shift from SSLBs towards SSNBs despite the
                      higher molar weight of the sodium compounds in comparison to
                      the Li analogues.[1] Q. Ma, C.-L. Tsai, X.-K. Wei, M.
                      Heggen, F. Tietz, J. T. S. Irvine, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019,
                      7, 7766–7776.[2] T. Lan, C.-L. Tsai, F. Tietz, X.-K. Wei,
                      M.Heggen, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, R.Wang, Y. Xiao, Q. Ma, O.
                      Guillon, Nano Energy, 2019, 65, 104040. [3] C.-L. Tsai, T.
                      Lan, C. Dellen, Y. Ling, Q. Ma, D. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, O.
                      Guillon, F. Tietz, J. Power Sources 2020, 476, 228666.},
      month         = {Mar},
      date          = {2021-03-02},
      organization  = {Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et
                       Moléculaire 2021, online (Germany), 2
                       Mar 2021 - 5 Mar 2021},
      subtyp        = {Invited},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / JARA-ENERGY},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {122 - Elektrochemische Energiespeicherung (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/890960},
}