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@ARTICLE{Lee:890965,
      author       = {Lee, Keun-Ok and Barret, Brice and Flochmoën, Eric L. and
                      Tulet, Pierre and Bucci, Silvia and von Hobe, Marc and
                      Kloss, Corinna and Legras, Bernard and Leriche, Maud and
                      Sauvage, Bastien and Ravegnani, Fabrizio and Ulanovsky,
                      Alexey},
      title        = {{C}onvective uplift of pollution from the {S}ichuan {B}asin
                      into the {A}sian monsoon anticyclone during the
                      {S}trato{C}lim aircraft campaign},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01281},
      pages        = {3255 - 3274},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The StratoClim airborne campaign took place in Nepal from
                      27 July to 10 August 2017 to document the physical and
                      chemical properties of the South Asian upper
                      troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) during the Asian
                      summer monsoon (ASM). In the present paper, simulations with
                      the Meso-NH cloud-chemistry model at a horizontal resolution
                      of 15 km are performed over the Asian region to
                      characterize the impact of monsoon deep convection on the
                      composition of Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) and on the
                      formation of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL)
                      during the StratoClim campaign. StratoClim took place during
                      a break phase of the monsoon with intense convective
                      activity over South China and Sichuan. Comparisons between
                      brightness temperatures (BTs) at 10.8 µm observed by
                      satellite sensors and simulated by Meso-NH highlight the
                      ability of the model to correctly reproduce the life cycle
                      of deep convective clouds. A comparison between CO and O3
                      concentrations from Meso-NH and airborne observations
                      (StratoClim and IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global
                      Observing System)) demonstrates that the model captures most
                      of the observed variabilities. Nevertheless, for both gases,
                      the model tends to overestimate the concentrations and
                      misses some thin CO plumes related to local convective
                      events probably because the resolution is too coarse, but
                      the convective uplift of pollution is very well captured by
                      the model. We have therefore focused on the impact of
                      Sichuan convection on the AMA composition. A dedicated
                      sensitivity simulation showed that the 7 August convective
                      event brought large amounts of CO deep into the AMA and even
                      across the 380 K isentropic level located at 17.8 km.
                      This Sichuan contribution enhanced the CO concentration by
                      $∼15 \%$ to reach more than 180 ppbv over a large area
                      around 15 km height. It is noteworthy that Meso-NH
                      captures the impact of the diluted Sichuan plume on the CO
                      concentration during a StratoClim flight south of Kathmandu,
                      highlighting its ability to reproduce the transport pathway
                      of Sichuan pollution. According to the model, primary
                      organic aerosol and black carbon particles originating from
                      Sichuan are transported following the same pathway as CO.
                      The large particles are heavily scavenged within the
                      precipitating part of the convective clouds but remain the
                      most important contributor to the particle mass in the AMA.
                      Over the whole AMA region, the 7 August convective event
                      resulted in a $0.5 \%$ increase in CO concentration over
                      the 10–20 km range that lasted about 2 d. The impact
                      of pollution uplift from three regions (India, China, and
                      Sichuan) averaged over the first 10 d of August has also
                      been evaluated with sensitivity simulations. Even during
                      this monsoon break phase, the results confirm the
                      predominant role of India relative to China with respective
                      contributions of $11 \%$ and $7 \%$ to CO concentration
                      in the 10–15 km layer. Moreover, during this period a
                      large part $(35 \%)$ of the Chinese contribution comes
                      from the Sichuan Basin alone.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {211 - Die Atmosphäre im globalen Wandel (POF4-211) /
                      STRATOCLIM - Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes
                      for better climate predictions (603557)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-211 / G:(EU-Grant)603557},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000626343100001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-21-3255-2021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/890965},
}