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@ARTICLE{Zhou:891002,
      author       = {Zhou, Chen and Bette, Sebastian and Babendreyer, Aaron and
                      Hoffmann, Christina and Gerlach, Sven and Kremers, Tom and
                      Ludwig, Andreas and Hoffmann, Bernd and Merkel, Rudolf and
                      Uhlig, Stefan and Schnakenberg, Uwe},
      title        = {{S}tretchable electrical cell-substrate impedance sensor
                      platform for monitoring cell monolayers under strain},
      journal      = {Sensors and actuators / B},
      volume       = {336},
      issn         = {0925-4005},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01307},
      pages        = {129656 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Stretchable microelectrodes paired with an ultra-elastic
                      substrate can be used for electrical sensing of mechanically
                      stretched cells and cell monolayers. Here, we present the
                      development of a cell-stretching platform with thin-film
                      interdigitated microelectrodes. Up to 35 $\%$ cyclic stretch
                      are feasible with a novel interlaced meander design
                      connected to the microelectrodes and using
                      Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with a Young’s modulus of 50
                      kPa as an ultra-elastic substrate. Reliable electrical
                      contacting of the microelectrodes under stretch was achieved
                      by perforation of the contact pads. The novel platform
                      enables label-free, real-time electrical cell-substrate
                      impedance (ECIS) monitoring of cell monolayers.
                      Proof-of-concept experiments indicated that electrical
                      impedance of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell
                      monolayers increased sharply by uniaxial mechanical strain
                      above 20 $\%.$ For comparison, human alveolar basal
                      epithelial adenocarcinoma (A549) cell monolayers, which are
                      known to lack mature cell junctions, showed a continuous
                      decrease of electrical impedance over the whole applied
                      strain range of 35 $\%.$ The data reveal that impedance
                      changes upon stretching depend on epithelial cell types and
                      existence of tight cellular junctions. The system provides
                      the basis for reliable continuous long-term monitoring of
                      electrical properties of cell monolayers under strain by
                      electrical impedance spectroscopy, e.g., to monitor
                      epithelial permeability changes in real time and under
                      label-free conditions to screen the influence of
                      pharmacological substances.},
      cin          = {IBI-2},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-2-20200312},
      pnm          = {311 - Zellbiologie und Tumorbiologie (POF4-311) / DFG
                      project 273723265 - Mechanosensation und Mechanoreaktion in
                      epidermalen Systemen (273723265) / 5243 - Information
                      Processing in Distributed Systems (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-311 / G:(GEPRIS)273723265 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000639153300007},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.snb.2021.129656},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891002},
}