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@ARTICLE{Zelle:891314,
      author       = {Zelle, E. and Pfelzer, N. and Oldiges, M. and
                      Koch-Koerfges, A. and Bott, M. and Nöh, K. and Wiechert,
                      W.},
      title        = {{A}n energetic profile of {C}orynebacterium glutamicum
                      underpinned by measured biomass yield on {ATP}},
      journal      = {Metabolic engineering},
      volume       = {65},
      issn         = {1096-7176},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Academic Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01421},
      pages        = {66 - 78},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The supply and usage of energetic cofactors in metabolism
                      is a central concern for systems metabolic engineering,
                      particularly in case of energy intensive products. One of
                      the most important parameters for systems wide balancing of
                      energetic cofactors is the ATP requirement for biomass
                      formation YATP/Biomass. Despite its fundamental importance,
                      YATP/Biomass values for non-fermentative organisms are still
                      rough estimates deduced from theoretical considerations. For
                      the first time, we present an approach for the experimental
                      determination of YATP/Biomass using comparative 13C
                      metabolic flux analysis (13C MFA) of a wild type strain and
                      an ATP synthase knockout mutant. We show that the energetic
                      profile of a cell can then be deduced from a genome wide
                      stoichiometric model and experimental maintenance data.
                      Particularly, the contributions of substrate level
                      phosphorylation (SLP) and electron transport phosphorylation
                      (ETP) to ATP generation become available which enables the
                      overall energetic efficiency of a cell to be characterized.
                      As a model organism, the industrial platform organism
                      Corynebacterium glutamicum is used. C. glutamicum uses a
                      respiratory type of energy metabolism, implying that ATP can
                      be synthesized either by SLP or by ETP with the
                      membrane-bound F1FO-ATP synthase using the proton motive
                      force (pmf) as driving force. The presence of two terminal
                      oxidases, which differ in their proton translocation
                      efficiency by a factor of three, further complicates energy
                      balancing for this organism. By integration of experimental
                      data and network models, we show that in the wild type SLP
                      and ETP contribute equally to ATP generation. Thus, the role
                      of ETP in respiring bacteria may have been overrated in the
                      past. Remarkably, in the genome wide setting $65\%$ of the
                      pmf is actually not used for ATP synthesis. However, it
                      turns out that, compared to other organisms C. glutamicum
                      still uses its energy budget rather efficiently.},
      cin          = {IBG-1},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-1-20101118},
      pnm          = {2171 - Biological and environmental resources for
                      sustainable use (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33722651},
      UT           = {WOS:000638265500006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.006},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891314},
}