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@ARTICLE{Weber:891365,
      author       = {Weber, Moritz L. and Wilhelm, Marek and Jin, Lei and
                      Breuer, Uwe and Dittmann, Regina and Waser, R. and Guillon,
                      Olivier and Lenser, Christian and Gunkel, Felix},
      title        = {{E}xsolution of {E}mbedded {N}anoparticles in {D}efect
                      {E}ngineered {P}erovskite {L}ayers},
      journal      = {ACS nano},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1936-086X},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01457},
      pages        = {4546 - 4560},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Exsolution phenomena are highly debated as efficient
                      synthesis routes for nanostructured composite electrode
                      materials for the application in solid oxide cells (SOCs)
                      and the development of next-generation electrochemical
                      devices for energy conversion. Utilizing the instability of
                      perovskite oxides, doped with electrocatalytically active
                      elements, highly dispersed nanoparticles can be prepared at
                      the perovskite surface under the influence of a reducing
                      heat treatment. For the systematic study of the mechanistic
                      processes governing metal exsolution, epitaxial
                      SrTi0.9Nb0.05Ni0.05O3-δ thin films of well-defined
                      stoichiometry are synthesized and employed as model systems
                      to investigate the interplay of defect structures and
                      exsolution behavior. Spontaneous phase separation and the
                      formation of dopant-rich features in the as-synthesized thin
                      film material is revealed by high-resolution transmission
                      electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigations. The resulting
                      nanostructures are enriched by nickel and serve as preformed
                      nuclei for the subsequent exsolution process under reducing
                      conditions, which reflects a so far unconsidered process
                      drastically affecting the understanding of nanoparticle
                      exsolution phenomena. Using an approach of combined
                      morphological, chemical, and structural analysis of the
                      exsolution response, a limitation of the exsolution dynamics
                      for nonstoichiometric thin films is found to be correlated
                      to a distortion of the perovskite host lattice.
                      Consequently, the incorporation of defect structures results
                      in a reduced particle density at the perovskite surface,
                      presumably by trapping of nanoparticles in the oxide bulk.},
      cin          = {PGI-7 / PGI-6 / JARA-FIT / IEK-1 / ZEA-3 / ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-6-20110106 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-3-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {523 - Neuromorphic Computing and Network Dynamics
                      (POF4-523)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-523},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33635643},
      UT           = {WOS:000634569100070},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsnano.0c08657},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891365},
}