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@ARTICLE{Li:891406,
      author       = {Li, Yun and Henkel, Marion and Liang, Yunfeng and Knieps,
                      A. and Drews, P. and Killer, C. and Nicolai, D. and Cosfeld,
                      J. and Geiger, J. and Feng, Y. and Effenberg, F. and Zhang,
                      D. and Hacker, P. and Höschen, D. and Satheeswaran, G. and
                      Liu, S. and Grulke, O. and Jakubowski, M. and Brezinsek, S.
                      and Otte, M. and Neubauer, O. and Schweer, B. and Xu, G. S.
                      and Cai, J. and Huang, Z.},
      title        = {{M}easurement of the edge ion temperature in {W}7-{X} with
                      island divertor by a retarding field analyzer probe},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {59},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1741-4326},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01491},
      pages        = {126002 -},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Knowledge of the edge ion temperature (Ti) is important to
                      understand the edge physics in fusion plasmas. The Ti edge
                      profile has been successfully measured at W7-X in an island
                      divertor configuration using a retarding field analyzer
                      probe on a reciprocating manipulator. The experimental
                      observations show that in the standard configuration, an ion
                      temperature shoulder at the plasma boundary has been
                      observed near the location where a sudden change of the
                      magnetic field connection length appears in the scrape-off
                      layer (SOL) region. The value of the Ti shoulder was
                      observed to be dependent on the edge island structure
                      modified by the control coils, SOL kinetic power, and
                      electron density. A significant reduction and flattening in
                      the edge ion temperature profile has been also observed
                      during the nitrogen seeding from the upper horizontal
                      divertor port. In addition, the edge ion-to-electron
                      temperature ratio has been calculated, which gradually
                      increases with the major radius and decreases with the
                      normalized ion collisionality. An extended two-point model
                      including upstream ion temperature is introduced to
                      understand the experimental measurement.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Plasma-Wand-Wechselwirkung (POF4-134) / 174 -
                      Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-134 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000486374200002},
      doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/ab3a79},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891406},
}