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@ARTICLE{Dippel:891416,
      author       = {Dippel, Jannik and Handt, Sebastian and Stute, Birgit and
                      von Lieres, Eric and Loewe, Thomas},
      title        = {{F}luid dynamics in pleated membrane filter devices},
      journal      = {Separation and purification technology},
      volume       = {267},
      issn         = {1383-5866},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01501},
      pages        = {118580 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Fluid flow rate and total throughput are the major
                      controlling parameters to calculate the required size of
                      membrane-based filter equipment for manufacturing of
                      pharmaceuticals. Filtration equipment comprises several
                      resistances to flow such as pipes, connectors and the filter
                      construction itself. The incorporated membrane is a main
                      factor that determines the flow rate through the filter
                      element. With larger membrane area, its resistance to flow
                      declines and total filter throughput increases. Yet,
                      additional hydrodynamic resistances in the filter device
                      lead to lower flow rates than expected from the hydrodynamic
                      resistances of the membrane. Especially the membrane pleats
                      and the spacer material in-between can cause additional flow
                      restrictions. This study investigates the causes of these
                      pleat resistances in manufacturing scale filters. First,
                      manufacturing scale filter flow rates were metered to
                      quantify the effects of pleat geometry, filtration pressure
                      and liquid viscosity on pleat resistance. Subsequent
                      computed tomography (CT) scans of filter devices, performed
                      under simulated operating conditions, reveal so far
                      unreported pleat compressions that rise with increasing
                      differential pressure up to $50\%$ at 1.5 bar. In-plane flow
                      resistances of the nonwoven spacer material between the
                      pleats were determined. Finally, these pleat geometries,
                      measured under pressure, and the in-plane nonwoven
                      resistances were implemented into CFD simulations. These
                      simulations show that reduced fluid flow in the nonwoven due
                      to the compression of pleats can explain the previously
                      observed hydrodynamic pleat resistances.},
      cin          = {IBG-1},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-1-20101118},
      pnm          = {2172 - Utilization of renewable carbon and energy sources
                      and engineering of ecosystem functions (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2172},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000641401100004},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118580},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891416},
}