% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Zhao:891656,
      author       = {Zhao, Xin and Wu, Guixuan and Qi, Jia and to Baben, Moritz
                      and Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{I}nvestigation on the condensation behavior of the trace
                      element zinc in ({A}r/{H}2{O}/{HC}l/{H}2{S}) gas mixtures
                      and its practical implications in gasification-based
                      processes for energy and power generation},
      journal      = {Fuel},
      volume       = {295},
      issn         = {0016-2361},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01642},
      pages        = {120600 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Fuels used in combustion and gasification, such as coal,
                      biomass and wastes, yield large amounts of trace elements,
                      which can cause both technological and environmental
                      concerns. This work provides an in-depth insight into the
                      condensation behavior of the trace element zinc under
                      gasification-like conditions in atmospheres containing the
                      HCl and H2S trace gases. A lab-scale quartz reactor with a
                      multi-stage cooling zone was used to determine the
                      condensation content and species distribution of the zinc
                      deposition in different gasification atmospheres. The
                      Scheil-Gulliver cooling model was used to simulate the zinc
                      condensation process, since it provides a good reference to
                      analyze the degree of supercooling during the condensation
                      process. Competition of the gaseous species HCl and H2S with
                      respect to the ZnO condensation behavior has been observed.
                      HCl leads to significant supercooling of the ZnO
                      condensation. It is shown that this can be compensated by
                      ZnS acting as nucleation sites for ZnO if significant
                      amounts of H2S are present. It is further shown that there
                      is a significant bypass effect, i.e. even after nucleation
                      has started there is a significant amount of Zn remaining in
                      the gas phase which significantly extends the condensation
                      regime to lower temperatures. To visualize both effects, a
                      H2S-temperature-transition diagram is proposed. The
                      potential applications including the prevention of
                      problematic depositions (slagging and fouling) and sorbent
                      selection as well as design for removal of trace element
                      zinc from the syngas in IGCC power plants are proposed and
                      discussed in the light of developing clean power
                      technologies.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {122 - Elektrochemische Energiespeicherung (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000638041100003},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120600},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891656},
}