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@ARTICLE{Windt:891673,
      author       = {Windt, Carel and Nabel, Moritz and Kochs, Johannes and
                      Jahnke, Siegfried and Schurr, Ulrich},
      title        = {{A} {M}obile {NMR} {S}ensor and {R}elaxometric {M}ethod to
                      {N}on-destructively {M}onitor {W}ater and {D}ry {M}atter
                      {C}ontent in {P}lants},
      journal      = {Frontiers in plant science},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1664-462X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01659},
      pages        = {617768},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Water content (WC) and dry matter content (DMC) are some of
                      the most basic parameters to describe plant growth and
                      yield, but are exceptionally difficult to measure
                      non-invasively. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry
                      may fill this methodological gap. It allows non-invasive
                      detection of protons in liquids and solids, and on the basis
                      of these measures, can be used to quantify liquid and dry
                      matter contents of seeds and plants. Unfortunately, most
                      existing NMR relaxometers are large, unwieldy and not
                      suitable to measure intact plants or to be used under field
                      conditions. In addition, currently the appropriate NMR
                      relaxometric methods are poorly suited for non-expert use.
                      We here present a novel approach to overcome these
                      drawbacks. We demonstrate that a basic NMR relaxometer with
                      the capability to accept intact plants, in combination with
                      straightforward NMR and data processing methods, can be used
                      as an NMR plant sensor to continuously, quantitatively and
                      non-invasively monitor changes in WC and DMC. This can be
                      done in vivo, in situ, and with high temporal resolution.
                      The method is validated by showing that measured liquid and
                      solid proton densities accurately reflect WC and DMC of
                      reference samples. The NMR plant sensor is demonstrated in
                      an experimental context by monitoring WC of rice leaves
                      under osmotic stress, and by measuring the dynamics of water
                      and dry matter accumulation during seed filling in a
                      developing wheat ear. It is further demonstrated how the
                      method can be used to estimate leaf water potential on the
                      basis of changes in leaf water content.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2171 - Biological and environmental resources for
                      sustainable use (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33613603},
      UT           = {WOS:000619474400001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpls.2021.617768},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891673},
}