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@ARTICLE{Du:891683,
      author       = {Du, Hongchu and Groh, Christoph and Jia, Chun-Lin and
                      Ohlerth, Thorsten and Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E. and Simon,
                      Ulrich and Mayer, Joachim},
      title        = {{M}ultiple polarization orders in individual twinned
                      colloidal nanocrystals of centrosymmetric {H}f{O}2},
      journal      = {Matter},
      volume       = {4},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2590-2385},
      address      = {[New York, NY]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01666},
      pages        = {986 - 1000},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Spontaneous polarization is essential for ferroelectric
                      functionality in non-centrosymmetric crystals.
                      High-integration-density ferroelectric devices require the
                      stabilization of polarization in small volumes. Here,
                      atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging
                      reveals that twinning gives rise to multiple polarization
                      orders without symmetry breaking in colloidal nanocrystals
                      of HfO2. The polarization orders are associated with
                      sub-nanometer ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases.
                      The minimum size limit of the ferroelectric phase is found
                      to be ∼4 nm3. Density functional theory calculations
                      indicate that transformations between the ferroelectric and
                      antiferroelectric phases are energetically possible. This
                      work provides a route toward applications of HfO2
                      nanocrystals in information storage at densities that are
                      more than an order of magnitude higher than the scaling
                      limit defined by the nanocrystal size. Our results on the
                      formation of twinning-induced polarization orders without
                      symmetry breaking may provide general guidance for the
                      discovery of new ferroelectric phases in ionic compounds
                      that are not restricted to oxides.},
      cin          = {ER-C-1 / ER-C-2},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209 / I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-2-20170209},
      pnm          = {535 - Materials Information Discovery (POF4-535) / DFG
                      project 167917811 - SFB 917: Resistiv schaltende
                      Chalkogenide für zukünftige Elektronikanwendungen:
                      Struktur, Kinetik und Bauelementskalierung "Nanoswitches"
                      (167917811)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-535 / G:(GEPRIS)167917811},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000632644900004},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.matt.2020.12.008},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891683},
}