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@ARTICLE{Spitznagel:891794,
      author       = {Spitznagel , Frank A. and Röhrig, Sara and Langner, Robert
                      and Gierthmuehlen, Petra C.},
      title        = {{F}ailure {L}oad and {F}atigue {B}ehavior of {M}onolithic
                      {T}ranslucent {Z}irconia, {PICN} and {R}apid-{L}ayer
                      {P}osterior {S}ingle {C}rowns on {Z}irconia {I}mplants},
      journal      = {Materials},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1996-1944},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01741},
      pages        = {1990},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the
                      thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior and failure modes of
                      monolithic and rapid-layer posterior single-crowns (SCs)
                      supported by zirconia implants. Methods: 120 all-ceramic
                      crowns supported by one-piece zirconia implants
                      (ceramic.implant; vitaclinical) were divided into five
                      groups (n = 24 each): Group Z-HT: 3Y-TZP monolithic-zirconia
                      (Vita-YZ-HT); Group Z-ST: 4Y-TZP monolithic-zirconia
                      (Vita-YZ-ST); Z-XT: 5Y-TZP monolithic-zirconia (Vita-YZ-XT);
                      Group E: monolithic-polymer-infiltrated ceramic network
                      (PICN,Vita-Enamic); Group RL (rapid layer):
                      PICN-“table-top” (Vita-Enamic), 3Y-TZP-framework
                      (Vita-YZ-HT). Half of the specimens of each group (n = 12)
                      were exposed to fatigue with cyclic mechanical loading (F =
                      198N, 1.2-million cycles) and simultaneous thermocycling
                      (5–55 °C). Single-load-to-failure testing (Z010, Zwick)
                      was performed for all specimens without/with fatigue
                      application. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA,
                      Tukey’s post-hoc test, two-sample t-test and Bonferroni
                      correction (p < 0.05). Results: All specimens survived
                      fatigue exposure. Significant differences in failure loads
                      were detected among groups (p ≤ 0.004). Materials Z-HT and
                      Z-ST showed the highest failure loads followed by Z-XT, RL
                      and E. The influence of fatigue was only significant for
                      material RL. Conclusions: All types of tested materials
                      exceeded clinically acceptable failure load values higher
                      than 900N and can be recommended for clinical use. Z-HT and
                      Z-ST appear to be highly reliable towards fatigue.
                      Rapid-layer design of PICN and YZ-HT might be an interesting
                      treatment concept for posterior implant SCs.Keywords: dental
                      implant; zirconia; ceramics; translucent zirconia; fatigue;
                      failure load; aging; chewing simulation},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {525 - Decoding Brain Organization and Dysfunction
                      (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-525},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33921126},
      UT           = {WOS:000644553400001},
      doi          = {10.3390/ma14081990},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891794},
}