% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Hering:891820,
      author       = {Hering, Dominik and Xhonneux, André and Müller, Dirk},
      title        = {{D}esign optimization of a heating network with multiple
                      heat pumps using mixed integer quadratically constrained
                      programming},
      journal      = {Energy},
      volume       = {226},
      issn         = {0360-5442},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01745},
      pages        = {120384 -},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {Kein Zugriff auf Post-print},
      abstract     = {District heating is a state of the art technology for
                      efficient supply of heat. Modern 4th generation and 5th
                      generation district heating networks can be used to
                      integrate sources of waste heat, which allows efficient
                      operation. The design of such heating networks is subject of
                      many optimization models. Most optimization models focus on
                      energy flows and result in Mixed Integer Linear Programs.
                      This requires simplifications, where temperatures and mass
                      flow rates are neglected or simplified. This work presents a
                      Mixed Integer Quadratically Constrained Program with
                      temperature constraints. A case study is presented, where
                      the integration of low temperature waste heat in a district
                      heating network is optimized. In this case study the
                      positioning of heat pumps at the supply or at the consumers
                      influences network operation. The results show a trade-off
                      between economical and ecological optimal solutions with a
                      range of total annualized costs from 120,000 EUR/a to
                      307,000 EUR/a and a range of CO2-Emissions from 193 t/a to
                      605 t/a. Furthermore, the influence of design decisions on
                      the optimal operation is demonstrated. All in all, the
                      quadratic model formulation stresses the influence of
                      temperatures on the optimization outcome and offers pareto
                      optimal solutions for the design of the presented case
                      study.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {112 - Digitalisierung und Systemtechnik (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000649666000002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.energy.2021.120384},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891820},
}