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000891831 1001_ $$00000-0003-2275-9870$$aRoy, Jacques$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000891831 245__ $$aEcotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science
000891831 260__ $$aOxford [u.a.]$$bWiley-Blackwell$$c2021
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000891831 520__ $$aEcosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad‐spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.
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000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-5135-6184$$aRineau, François$$b1
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0003-2180-8837$$aDe Boeck, Hans J.$$b2
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0003-3111-680X$$aNijs, Ivan$$b3
000891831 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129523$$aPütz, Thomas$$b4
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-5663-0912$$aAbiven, Samuel$$b5
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-5114-3023$$aArnone, John A.$$b6
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0003-0085-0534$$aBarton, Craig V. M.$$b7
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0001-5655-5943$$aBeenaerts, Natalie$$b8
000891831 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)142357$$aBrüggemann, Nicolas$$b9
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0001-7052-5572$$aDainese, Matteo$$b10
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0001-7026-1087$$aDomisch, Timo$$b11
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-0371-6720$$aEisenhauer, Nico$$b12
000891831 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129457$$aGarré, Sarah$$b13
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-7189-1571$$aGebler, Alban$$b14
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0003-1973-4007$$aGhirardo, Andrea$$b15
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-2657-5625$$aJasoni, Richard L.$$b16
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0003-3866-0832$$aKowalchuk, George$$b17
000891831 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLandais, Damien$$b18
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-4595-4858$$aLarsen, Stuart H.$$b19
000891831 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLeemans, Vincent$$b20
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-5965-9868$$aLe Galliard, Jean-François$$b21
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-7737-8226$$aLongdoz, Bernard$$b22
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0001-5017-121X$$aMassol, Florent$$b23
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0001-7470-6522$$aMikkelsen, Teis N.$$b24
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-7511-6273$$aNiedrist, Georg$$b25
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-2003-5759$$aPiel, Clément$$b26
000891831 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRavel, Olivier$$b27
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0001-8095-299X$$aSauze, Joana$$b28
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0001-5339-219X$$aSchmidt, Anja$$b29
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-9825-867X$$aSchnitzler, Jörg-Peter$$b30
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0001-7443-087X$$aTeixeira, Leonardo H.$$b31
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0003-4607-5238$$aTjoelker, Mark G.$$b32
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-2757-8959$$aWeisser, Wolfgang W.$$b33
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-7092-9742$$aWinkler, Barbro$$b34
000891831 7001_ $$00000-0002-2889-1234$$aMilcu, Alexandru$$b35
000891831 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2020313-5$$a10.1111/gcb.15471$$gVol. 27, no. 7, p. 1387 - 1407$$n7$$p1387 - 1407$$tGlobal change biology$$v27$$x1365-2486$$y2021
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