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@ARTICLE{Roy:891831,
      author       = {Roy, Jacques and Rineau, François and De Boeck, Hans J.
                      and Nijs, Ivan and Pütz, Thomas and Abiven, Samuel and
                      Arnone, John A. and Barton, Craig V. M. and Beenaerts,
                      Natalie and Brüggemann, Nicolas and Dainese, Matteo and
                      Domisch, Timo and Eisenhauer, Nico and Garré, Sarah and
                      Gebler, Alban and Ghirardo, Andrea and Jasoni, Richard L.
                      and Kowalchuk, George and Landais, Damien and Larsen, Stuart
                      H. and Leemans, Vincent and Le Galliard, Jean-François and
                      Longdoz, Bernard and Massol, Florent and Mikkelsen, Teis N.
                      and Niedrist, Georg and Piel, Clément and Ravel, Olivier
                      and Sauze, Joana and Schmidt, Anja and Schnitzler,
                      Jörg-Peter and Teixeira, Leonardo H. and Tjoelker, Mark G.
                      and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Winkler, Barbro and Milcu,
                      Alexandru},
      title        = {{E}cotrons: {P}owerful and versatile ecosystem analysers
                      for ecology, agronomy and environmental science},
      journal      = {Global change biology},
      volume       = {27},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1365-2486},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01754},
      pages        = {1387 - 1407},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by
                      anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to
                      these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in
                      the expected novel environments, informed in large part
                      through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes
                      13 advanced controlled environment facilities for
                      experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open
                      to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation
                      of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in
                      replicated and independent experimental units while
                      measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to
                      realistically control ecosystem environments is used to
                      emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions,
                      in natural sunlight or through broad‐spectrum lighting.
                      The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed,
                      minimizes border effects and increases biological and
                      physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of
                      greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between
                      the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most
                      ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is
                      often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of
                      carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for
                      measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy
                      growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity
                      of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes,
                      often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a
                      quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on
                      ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or
                      plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for
                      environmental simulation and process measurements,
                      especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to
                      establish stronger links with modelling in future projects.
                      These developments will enable further improvements in
                      mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron
                      research which will play, in complementarity with field
                      experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring
                      the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {217 - Für eine nachhaltige Bio-Ökonomie – von
                      Ressourcen zu Produkten (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-217},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33274502},
      UT           = {WOS:000612489000001},
      doi          = {10.1111/gcb.15471},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891831},
}