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@ARTICLE{Yu:891908,
      author       = {Yu, Yi and Weihermüller, Lutz and Klotzsche, Anja and
                      Lärm, Lena and Vereecken, Harry and Huisman, Johan
                      Alexander},
      title        = {{S}equential and coupled inversion of horizontal borehole
                      ground penetrating radar data to estimate soil hydraulic
                      properties at the field scale},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {596},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01820},
      pages        = {126010 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Horizontal borehole ground penetrating radar (GPR)
                      measurements can provide valuable information on soil water
                      content (SWC) dynamics in the vadose zone, and hence show
                      potential to estimate soil hydraulic properties. In this
                      study, the performance of both sequential and coupled
                      inversion workflows to obtain soil hydraulic properties from
                      time-lapse horizontal borehole GPR data obtained during an
                      infiltration experiment were compared using a synthetic
                      modelling study and the analysis of actual field data. The
                      sequential inversion using the vadose zone flow model
                      HYDRUS-1D directly relied on SWC profiles determined from
                      the travel time of GPR direct waves using the straight-wave
                      approximation. The synthetic modelling study showed that
                      sequential inversion did not provide accurate estimates of
                      the soil hydraulic parameters due to interpretation errors
                      in the estimated SWC near the infiltration front and the
                      ground surface. In contrast, the coupled inversion approach,
                      which combined HYDRUS-1D with a forward model of GPR wave
                      propagation (gprMax3D) and GPR travel time information,
                      provided accurate estimates of the hydraulic properties in
                      the synthetic modelling study. The application of the
                      coupled inversion approach to measured borehole GPR data
                      also resulted in plausible estimates of the soil hydraulic
                      parameters. It was concluded that coupled inversion should
                      be preferred over sequential inversion of time-lapse
                      horizontal borehole GPR data in the presence of strong SWC
                      gradients that occur during infiltration events.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {217 - Für eine nachhaltige Bio-Ökonomie – von
                      Ressourcen zu Produkten (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-217},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000642334400027},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891908},
}