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000891909 1001_ $$00000-0002-1672-3655$$aBan, Nikolina$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000891909 245__ $$aThe first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation
000891909 260__ $$aHeidelberg$$bSpringer$$c2021
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000891909 520__ $$aHere we present the first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacing over a decade long period. A total of 23 simulations run with a horizontal grid spacing of ∼3 km, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis, and performed by 22 European research groups are analysed. Six different regional climate models (RCMs) are represented in the ensemble. The simulations are compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations and coarse resolution (∼ 12 km) RCMs with parameterized convection. The model simulations and observations are compared with respect to mean precipitation, precipitation intensity and frequency, and heavy precipitation on daily and hourly timescales in different seasons. The results show that kilometer-scale models produce a more realistic representation of precipitation than the coarse resolution RCMs. The most significant improvements are found for heavy precipitation and precipitation frequency on both daily and hourly time scales in the summer season. In general, kilometer-scale models tend to produce more intense precipitation and reduced wet-hour frequency compared to coarse resolution models. On average, the multi-model mean shows a reduction of bias from ∼ −40% at 12 km to ∼ −3% at 3 km for heavy hourly precipitation in summer. Furthermore, the uncertainty ranges i.e. the variability between the models for wet hour frequency is reduced by half with the use of kilometer-scale models. Although differences between the model simulations at the kilometer-scale and observations still exist, it is evident that these simulations are superior to the coarse-resolution RCM simulations in the representing precipitation in the present-day climate, and thus offer a promising way forward for investigations of climate and climate change at local to regional scales.
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000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCaillaud, Cécile$$b1
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCoppola, Erika$$b2
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPichelli, Emanuela$$b3
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSobolowski, Stefan$$b4
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAdinolfi, Marianna$$b5
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAhrens, Bodo$$b6
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAlias, Antoinette$$b7
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAnders, Ivonne$$b8
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBastin, Sophie$$b9
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBelušić, Danijel$$b10
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBerthou, Ségolène$$b11
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBrisson, Erwan$$b12
000891909 7001_ $$00000-0002-0259-6827$$aCardoso, Rita M.$$b13
000891909 7001_ $$aChan, Steven C.$$b14
000891909 7001_ $$00000-0002-9513-2588$$aChristensen, Ole Bøssing$$b15
000891909 7001_ $$00000-0002-3483-0008$$aFernández, Jesús$$b16
000891909 7001_ $$aFita, Lluís$$b17
000891909 7001_ $$aFrisius, Thomas$$b18
000891909 7001_ $$aGašparac, Goran$$b19
000891909 7001_ $$aGiorgi, Filippo$$b20
000891909 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)156253$$aGörgen, Klaus$$b21
000891909 7001_ $$aHaugen, Jan Erik$$b22
000891909 7001_ $$aHodnebrog, Øivind$$b23
000891909 7001_ $$aKartsios, Stergios$$b24
000891909 7001_ $$aKatragkou, Eleni$$b25
000891909 7001_ $$aKendon, Elizabeth J.$$b26
000891909 7001_ $$aKeuler, Klaus$$b27
000891909 7001_ $$aLavin-Gullon, Alvaro$$b28
000891909 7001_ $$aLenderink, Geert$$b29
000891909 7001_ $$aLeutwyler, David$$b30
000891909 7001_ $$aLorenz, Torge$$b31
000891909 7001_ $$aMaraun, Douglas$$b32
000891909 7001_ $$aMercogliano, Paola$$b33
000891909 7001_ $$aMilovac, Josipa$$b34
000891909 7001_ $$aPanitz, Hans-Juergen$$b35
000891909 7001_ $$aRaffa, Mario$$b36
000891909 7001_ $$aRemedio, Armelle Reca$$b37
000891909 7001_ $$aSchär, Christoph$$b38
000891909 7001_ $$00000-0002-9155-5874$$aSoares, Pedro M. M$$b39
000891909 7001_ $$aSrnec, Lidija$$b40
000891909 7001_ $$aSteensen, Birthe Marie$$b41
000891909 7001_ $$aStocchi, Paolo$$b42
000891909 7001_ $$aTölle, Merja H.$$b43
000891909 7001_ $$aTruhetz, Heimo$$b44
000891909 7001_ $$aVergara-Temprado, Jesus$$b45
000891909 7001_ $$ade Vries, Hylke$$b46
000891909 7001_ $$aWarrach-Sagi, Kirsten$$b47
000891909 7001_ $$aWulfmeyer, Volker$$b48
000891909 7001_ $$aZander, Mar Janne$$b49
000891909 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1471747-5$$a10.1007/s00382-021-05708-w$$p275–302$$tClimate dynamics$$v57$$x1432-0894$$y2021
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