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@PHDTHESIS{Li:892269,
      author       = {Li, Yun},
      title        = {{A}tmospheric {T}race {G}as {M}easurements {U}sing
                      {C}hemical {I}onisation {T}ime-of-{F}light {M}ass
                      {S}pectrometry},
      volume       = {526},
      school       = {Universität Wuppertal},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01991},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-520-8},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Energie
                      $\&$ Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {xi, 110 S.},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {Dissertation, Universität Wuppertal, 2020},
      abstract     = {Atmospheric trace gases whose concentrations range from
                      parts per million by volume (ppt)to parts per quadrillion by
                      volume (ppq) undergo complicated microphysical and chemical
                      processes in the lower atmosphere and play a significant
                      role in climate by indirectly affecting the global radiative
                      feedback through particle formation processes. This work
                      presents the first detailed validation and interpretation of
                      nitric acid (HNO$_{3}$), hydrogen cyanide (HCN)and some
                      other relevant trace gases measured during the first two
                      campaign deployments of the innovative Time-of-Flight
                      Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer FunMass. The two
                      campaigns span science objectives as versatile as upper
                      tropospheric and lower stratospheric processes above the
                      Asian Monsoon region for the 2017 StratoClim campaign and
                      the nighttime oxidation of isoprene for the 2018
                      NO$_{3}$-Isoprene campaign. The Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM)
                      is the dominant circulation system in boreal summer. During
                      high monsoon season, air in the highly polluted Asian
                      boundary is rapidly transported into the Upper Troposphere
                      and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) by strong convective
                      activities, where it is horizontally retained in the Asian
                      Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA). With the upwelling motion inside
                      the upper part of the AMA, these air pollutants can enter
                      the global stratosphere, potentially affecting the worldwide
                      climate. During the StratoClim aircraft campaign from
                      Kathmandu, Nepal, in July and August 2017, FunMass was
                      deployed onboard the high-altitude research aircraft
                      M55-Geophysica. On August 6 and 8 of the campaign, the first
                      two successful high spatial and temporal resolution in-situ
                      measurements of gaseous HNO$_{3}$ and HCN with high spatial
                      and temporal resolution were carried out inside the AMA. The
                      atmospheric concentrations of HNO$_{3}$ and HCN were
                      calibrated with reference to gravimetrically controlled
                      permeation devices. HNO$_{3}$ was further referred to
                      ion-chromatographic analyses. The in-situ measurements show
                      a good agreement with satellite observations, i.e. HNO$_{3}$
                      from Aura-MLS and HCN from ACE-FTS. Tracer correlations have
                      been studied with CO and O$_{3}$ obtained by the airborne
                      instruments COLD and FOZAN, respectively. The HCN
                      observations show significant vertical and horizontal
                      signatures within the AMA which have been analysed by
                      backward trajectory analyses employing the Lagrangian models
                      TRACZILLA and CLaMS. Some of the structures are consistent
                      with the CO measurements indicating quite recent convective
                      events while some segments show CO enhancements without
                      obvious HCN features, which is attributed to different
                      origin regions. Measurements in both flights point to the
                      existence of a layer with enhanced HCN at $\sim$ 365 K
                      potential temperature level which probably is the main
                      convective outflow layer. [...]},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2020121107},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/892269},
}