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@ARTICLE{Pietschmann:892414,
      author       = {Pietschmann, Jan and Voepel, Nadja and Voß, Leonie and
                      Rasche, Stefan and Schubert, Max and Kleines, Michael and
                      Krause, Hans-Joachim and Shaw, Tamlyn M. and Spiegel, Holger
                      and Schroeper, Florian},
      title        = {{D}evelopment of {F}ast and {P}ortable {F}requency
                      {M}agnetic {M}ixing-{B}ased {S}erological
                      {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2-{S}pecific {A}ntibody {D}etection {A}ssay},
      journal      = {Frontiers in microbiology},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1664-302X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02070},
      pages        = {643275},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
                      (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in December 2019, causing an
                      ongoing, rapidly spreading global pandemic. Worldwide,
                      vaccination is now expected to provide containment of the
                      novel virus, resulting in an antibody-mediated immunity. To
                      verify this, serological antibody assays qualitatively as
                      well as quantitatively depicting the amount of generated
                      antibodies are of great importance. Currently available test
                      methods are either laboratory based or do not have the
                      ability to indicate an estimation about the immune response.
                      To overcome this, a novel and rapid serological magnetic
                      immunodetection (MID) point-of-care (PoC) assay was
                      developed, with sensitivity and specificity comparable to
                      laboratory-based DiaSorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG
                      assay. To specifically enrich human antibodies against
                      SARS-CoV-2 in immunofiltration columns (IFCs) from patient
                      sera, a SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen was transiently produced in
                      plants, purified and immobilized on the IFC. Then, an
                      IgG-specific secondary antibody could bind to the retained
                      antibodies, which was finally labeled using
                      superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Based on frequency magnetic
                      mixing technology (FMMD), the magnetic particles enriched in
                      IFC were detected using a portable FMMD device. The obtained
                      measurement signal correlates with the amount of
                      SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in the sera, which could be
                      demonstrated by titer determination. In this study, a
                      MID-based assay could be developed, giving qualitative as
                      well as semiquantitative results of SARS-CoV-2-specific
                      antibody levels in patient’s sera within 21 min of assay
                      time with a sensitivity of $97\%$ and a specificity of
                      $92\%,$ based on the analysis of 170 sera from hospitalized
                      patients that were tested using an Food and Drug
                      Administration (FDA)-certified chemiluminescence assay.},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {523 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-523)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-523},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34025604},
      UT           = {WOS:000651861700001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fmicb.2021.643275},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/892414},
}