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@ARTICLE{Zhou:892429,
      author       = {Zhou, Zhen and Klotzsche, Anja and Schmäck, Jessica and
                      Vereecken, Harry and van der Kruk, Jan},
      title        = {{I}mprovement of ground-penetrating radar full-waveform
                      inversion images using cone penetration test data},
      journal      = {Geophysics},
      volume       = {86},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {0016-8033},
      address      = {Alexandria, Va.},
      publisher    = {GeoScienceWorld},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02075},
      pages        = {H13 - H25},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Detailed characterization of aquifers is critical and
                      challenging due to the existence of heterogeneous
                      small-scale high-contrast layers. For an improved
                      characterization of subsurface hydrologic characteristics,
                      crosshole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and cone
                      penetration test (CPT) measurements are performed. In
                      comparison to the CPT approach, which can only provide 1D
                      high-resolution data along vertical profiles, crosshole GPR
                      enables measuring 2D cross sections between two boreholes.
                      In general, a standard inversion method for GPR data is the
                      ray-based approach, which considers only a small amount of
                      information and can therefore only provide limited
                      resolution. In the past few decades, full-waveform inversion
                      (FWI) of crosshole GPR data in the time domain has matured,
                      and it provides inversion results with higher resolution by
                      exploiting the full-recorded waveform information. However,
                      FWI results are limited due to complex underground
                      structures and the nonlinear nature of the method. A new
                      approach that uses CPT data in the inversion process is
                      applied to enhance the resolution of the final relative
                      permittivity FWI results by updating the effective source
                      wavelet. The updated effective source wavelet possesses a
                      priori CPT information and a larger bandwidth. Using the
                      same starting models, a synthetic model comparison between
                      the conventional and updated FWI results demonstrates that
                      the updated FWI method provides reliable and more consistent
                      structures. To test the method, five experimental GPR cross
                      section results are analyzed with the standard FWI and the
                      new proposed updated approach. The synthetic and
                      experimental results indicate the potential of improving the
                      reconstruction of subsurface aquifer structures by combining
                      conventional 2D FWI results and 1D CPT data.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000663710300002},
      doi          = {10.1190/geo2020-0283.1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/892429},
}