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@ARTICLE{Zhao:892627,
      author       = {Zhao, Yue and Yoshimura, Kimio and Motegi, Toshinori and
                      Hiroki, Akihiro and Radulescu, Aurel and Maekawa, Yasunari},
      title        = {{T}hree-{C}omponent {D}omains in the {F}ully {H}ydrated
                      {N}afion {M}embrane {C}haracterized by {P}artial
                      {S}cattering {F}unction {A}nalysis},
      journal      = {Macromolecules},
      volume       = {54},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1520-5835},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02216},
      pages        = {4128 - 4135},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {A fully hydrated Nafion membrane is generally treated as a
                      three-component system comprising the
                      tetrafluoroethylene-like main chain, the fluorinated side
                      chain ending with a sulfonic acid group, and absorbed water.
                      We applied the contrast variation small-angle neutron
                      scattering technique to decompose scattering intensity
                      profiles to partial scattering functions (PSFs) of each
                      component in Nafion quantitatively. In the large scale (>30
                      nm), structural heterogeneities were observed in the main-
                      and side-chain domains but not in water domains. In the
                      middle scale (5–30 nm), a bicontinuous-like structure of
                      crystalline and amorphous phases with a mean separation
                      distance of 11 nm was observed, as a result of the
                      main-chain semicrystalline templating effect. In the small
                      scale (<5 nm), another bicontinuous-like structure exists in
                      the amorphous phase with a mean separation distance of about
                      4 nm, indicating a well-connected water network responsible
                      for the good membrane conductivity. Cross-term analysis of
                      PSFs for two components suggested the location of each
                      component that the main-chain domains tends to
                      phase-separate from either the side-chain or water domains,
                      but the side-chain and water domains are closely attached
                      through sulfonic acid groups.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / MLZ / JCNS-1},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 / I:(DE-588b)4597118-3 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (FZJ)
                      (POF4-6G4)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000651530900019},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00587},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/892627},
}