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@PHDTHESIS{Srikantharajah:892862,
      author       = {Srikantharajah, Kagithiri},
      title        = {{D}evelopment, characterization, and application of
                      compliant intracortical implants},
      volume       = {73},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02401},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-587-1},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Information
                      / Information},
      pages        = {xiv, 155, xv-xvii S.},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2021},
      abstract     = {Over more than half a century, neural interfaces enabled
                      various breakthroughs to treat patients suffering from
                      neurodegenerative diseases. Up to now, only a few neural
                      devices were able to demonstrate significant clinical
                      impact, such as deep brain stimulation and cochlear
                      implants. However, these probes are exclusively used for
                      stimulating neural activity. As long-term monitoring of, or
                      even bi-directional communication with, the brain still
                      remains challenging, much effort has been devoted in the
                      last years to optimize probe dimensions and to implement low
                      Young’s modulus polymers as substrate materials for the
                      device fabrication. With the goal to produce
                      next-generation, compliant, intracortical probes suitable
                      for chronic implantation, a Michigan-style array was
                      designed by minimizing the probe dimensions and reducing the
                      mismatch between the device and tissue. To this end, an
                      array consisting of four shanks with cross-sections per
                      electrode of 250 $\mu$m$^{2}$ were produced using ParyleneC,
                      a biocompatible and soft polymer, as substrate material.
                      Furthermore, to obtain high quality recordings, a low
                      impedance coating was established utilizing spin-coated
                      PEDOT:PSS. The recording sites with a geometric surface area
                      of 113 $\mu$m$^{2}$ were covered with 610nm thick PEDOT:PSS,
                      resulting in an impedance of 2.650 M$\Omega$·$\mu$m$^{2}$.
                      As compliant probes need to be mechanically reinforced
                      during implantation, a tissue-friendly insertion system was
                      developed to reduce the effective length of the
                      intracortical probes by introducing a temporary polyethylene
                      glycol coating. The soft and flexible shanks, with a length
                      of 2 mm, were successfully implanted into the mouse barrel
                      cortex without inserting the bulky coating, which minimized
                      the acute trauma during insertion. The compliant implants
                      were able to simultaneously detect local field potentials as
                      well as single-unit and multi-unit activities with a maximum
                      SNR of 7. Additionally, more quality units (SNR>4) were
                      isolated from the recordings using compliant devices in
                      contrast to commercially available traditional stiff probes.
                      These promising outcomes lay the groundwork for future
                      long-term stability validations of compliant intracortical
                      implants and is one step closer towards designing
                      chronically stable devices with seamless biointegrationu},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {523 - Neuromorphic Computing and Network Dynamics
                      (POF4-523)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-523},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2021122122},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/892862},
}