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@ARTICLE{Wetzel:892875,
      author       = {Wetzel, Gerald and Friedl-Vallon, Felix and Glatthor,
                      Norbert and Grooß, Jens-Uwe and Gulde, Thomas and Höpfner,
                      Michael and Johansson, Sören and Khosrawi, Farahnaz and
                      Kirner, Oliver and Kleinert, Anne and Kretschmer, Erik and
                      Maucher, Guido and Nordmeyer, Hans and Oelhaf, Hermann and
                      Orphal, Johannes and Piesch, Christof and Sinnhuber,
                      Björn-Martin and Ungermann, Jörn and Vogel, Bärbel},
      title        = {{P}ollution trace gases
                      ${C}\<sub\>2\</sub\>{H}\<sub\>6\</sub\>,$
                      ${C}\<sub\>2\</sub\>{H}\<sub\>2\</sub\>,$ {HCOOH}, and {PAN}
                      in the {N}orth {A}tlantic {UTLS}: observations and
                      simulations},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02414},
      pages        = {8213 - 8232},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Measurements of the pollution trace gases ethane (C2H6),
                      ethyne (C2H2), formic acid (HCOOH), and peroxyacetyl nitrate
                      (PAN) were performed in the North Atlantic upper troposphere
                      and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) region with the airborne
                      limb imager GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance
                      Imaging of the Atmosphere) with high spatial resolution down
                      to cloud top. Observations were made during flights with the
                      German research aircraft HALO (High Altitude and LOng Range
                      Research Aircraft) in the frame of the WISE (Wave-driven
                      ISentropic Exchange) campaign, which was carried out in
                      autumn 2017 from Shannon (Ireland) and Oberpfaffenhofen
                      (Germany). Enhanced volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of up to
                      2.2 ppbv C2H6, 0.2 ppbv C2H2, 0.9 ppbv HCOOH, and
                      0.4 ppbv PAN were detected during the flight on 13
                      September 2017 in the upper troposphere and around the
                      tropopause above the British Isles. Elevated quantities of
                      PAN were measured even in the lowermost stratosphere
                      (locally up to 14 km), likely reflecting the fact that
                      this molecule has the longest lifetime of the four species
                      discussed herein. Backward trajectory calculations as well
                      as global three-dimensional Chemical Lagrangian Model of the
                      Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulations with artificial tracers of
                      air mass origin have shown that the main sources of the
                      observed pollutant species are forest fires in North America
                      and anthropogenic pollution in South Asia and Southeast Asia
                      uplifted and moved within the Asian monsoon anticyclone
                      (AMA) circulation system. After release from the AMA, these
                      species or their precursor substances are transported by
                      strong tropospheric winds over large distances, depending on
                      their particular atmospheric lifetime of up to months.
                      Observations are compared to simulations with the
                      atmospheric models EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry)
                      and CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service). These
                      models are qualitatively able to reproduce the measured VMR
                      enhancements but underestimate the absolute amount of the
                      increase. Increasing the emissions in EMAC by a factor of 2
                      reduces the disagreement between simulated and measured
                      results and illustrates the importance of the quality of
                      emission databases used in chemical models.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {211 - Die Atmosphäre im globalen Wandel (POF4-211) / 2A3 -
                      Remote Sensing (CARF - CCA) (POF4-2A3)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-211 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2A3},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000657177200005},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-21-8213-2021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/892875},
}