% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@INPROCEEDINGS{Troy:892972,
      author       = {Troy, Stefanie and Zapp, Petra and Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm
                      and Peters, Ralf and Weiske, Stefan and Moser, Peter and
                      Stahl, Knut},
      title        = {{L}ife {C}ycle {A}ssessment for {F}ull {C}hain {CCU}
                      {D}emonstration in the {A}lign-{CCUS} {P}roject
                      –{D}imethyl {E}ther and {P}olyoxymethylen {D}imethyl
                      {E}thers {P}roduction from {CO}2 and its {U}sages in the
                      {M}obility and {E}lectricity {S}ectors},
      issn         = {1556-5068},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02471},
      pages        = {-},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {As part of three years of research and development in the
                      European ALIGN-CCUS project, a CCU demonstration plant was
                      erected at the lignite-fired block K of the RWE power plant
                      at Niederaussem, Germany. It was the aim to demonstrate the
                      full chain of CCU - beginning with the capture of CO2 from
                      the power plant flue gas stream, via the one-step synthesis
                      of dimethyl ether (DME) through to its usage for electricity
                      generation in a peak power diesel engine generator. A
                      secondary target was the synthesis of polyoxymethylen
                      dimethyl ethers (OMEs) and their use in the mobility
                      sector.A thorough Life Cycle Inventory was collected based
                      on real process data for the first time, supported by
                      process modelling with AspenPlus. This includes the
                      inventory for construction and operation of all elements of
                      the demonstrator chain: the power plant with its
                      monoethanolamine (MEA)-based post-combustion capture
                      facility, the newly developed synthesis unit based on a
                      one-step reactor using a bifunctional catalyst (up to 50 kg
                      DME per day) and the reconversion of the produced DME into
                      electricity by an adapted diesel power generator (60-80
                      litre per hour DME consumption, output 240 kWel).
                      Additionally to the DME-route, the synthesis and usage of
                      OME3-5 as a fuel in an adapted 2 l diesel motor for mobility
                      application were part of the investigation. The extensive
                      inventory enabled a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) according to
                      ISO standards showing results for both applications.
                      Benchmarking technologies like diesel- and e-mobility and
                      gas turbines for peak power supply enable a comparative
                      analysis identifying advantages and disadvantages of the CCU
                      route. A sensitivity analysis is used to identify weak
                      points along the routes together with future development
                      targets and potentials.To investigate a broad array of
                      results, several varying scenarios, especially regarding
                      energy supply were considered. The use of renewable
                      electricity sources for electrolytic hydrogen production,
                      but also for other processes of the CCU chain was
                      investigated. A range of different impact categories were
                      considered: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Particulate
                      Matter Formation Potential (PM), Fossil Depletion Potential
                      (FDP), Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) and
                      Terrestrial Acidification Potential (AP). The results show
                      that the investigated CCU technology routes are highly
                      emission-intensive when using the current German electricity
                      mix: the reuse of CO2 and the reduction of fossil fuel
                      consumption that goes along with it, is outweighed by the
                      energy-intensive nature of the synthesis processes. Using
                      renewable energy sources can drastically reduce GHG
                      emissions, especially to a point where the implementation of
                      a mostly renewable energy supply for the process chain
                      offers a viable mitigation option compared to the
                      investigated benchmark technologies. Findings regarding
                      sensitive LCI data, development targets and technological
                      potentials are discussed in the results.},
      month         = {Mar},
      date          = {2021-03-15},
      organization  = {15th International Conference on
                       Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies,
                       Abu Dhabi (U Arab Emirates), 15 Mar
                       2021 - 18 Mar 2021},
      cin          = {IEK-STE / IEK-14},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {111 - Energiesystemtransformation (POF4-111) / ACT -
                      Accellerating CCS technologies as a new low-carbon energy
                      vector (691712)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-111 / G:(EU-Grant)691712},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8},
      doi          = {10.2139/ssrn.3821423},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/892972},
}