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@ARTICLE{Grewal:893247,
      author       = {Grewal, Abhishek and Wang, Yuqi and Münks, Matthias and
                      Kern, Klaus and Ternes, Markus},
      title        = {{L}ocal stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal
                      boron nitride on {C}u(111)},
      journal      = {Beilstein journal of nanotechnology},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {2190-4286},
      address      = {Frankfurt, M.},
      publisher    = {Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen
                      Wissenschaften},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02647},
      pages        = {559 - 565},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Combined scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopy
                      using a qPlus sensor enables the measurement of electronic
                      and mechanic properties of two-dimensional materials at the
                      nanoscale. In this work, we study hexagonal boron nitride
                      (h-BN), an atomically thin 2D layer, that is van der
                      Waals-coupled to a Cu(111) surface. The system is of
                      interest as a decoupling layer for functional 2D
                      heterostructures due to the preservation of the h-BN bandgap
                      and as a template for atomic and molecular adsorbates owing
                      to its local electronic trapping potential due to the
                      in-plane electric field. We obtain work function (Φ)
                      variations on the h-BN/Cu(111) superstructure of the order
                      of 100 meV using two independent methods, namely the shift
                      of field emission resonances and the contact potential
                      difference measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Using
                      3D force profiles of the same area we determine the relative
                      stiffness of the Moiré region allowing us to analyse both
                      electronic and mechanical properties of the 2D layer
                      simultaneously. We obtain a sheet stiffness of 9.4 ± 0.9
                      N·m−1, which is one order of magnitude higher than the
                      one obtained for h-BN/Rh(111). Using constant force maps we
                      are able to derive height profiles of h-BN/Cu(111) showing
                      that the system has a corrugation of 0.6 ± 0.2 Å, which
                      helps to demystify the discussion around the flatness of the
                      h-BN/Cu(111) substrate},
      cin          = {PGI-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-3-20110106},
      pnm          = {521 - Quantum Materials (POF4-521)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-521},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34221802},
      UT           = {WOS:000664148200001},
      doi          = {10.3762/bjnano.12.46},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/893247},
}