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@ARTICLE{Pandey:893416,
      author       = {Pandey, Daya Shankar and Yazhenskikh, Elena and Müller,
                      Michael and Ziegner, Mirko and Trubetskaya, Anna and Leahy,
                      James J. and Kwapinska, Marzena},
      title        = {{T}ransformation of inorganic matter in poultry litter
                      during fluidised bed gasification},
      journal      = {Fuel processing technology},
      volume       = {221},
      issn         = {0378-3820},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Science Direct},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02740},
      pages        = {106918 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {This work investigates the transformation, release and fate
                      of inorganic matter during fluidised bed gasification of
                      poultry litter and also poultry litter mixed with limestone
                      as an additive. The poultry litter, the cyclone and bed ash
                      were characterised by means of chemical fractionation
                      analysis, as well as X-ray diffraction. Concurrently, the
                      release of inorganic species during gasification of the
                      feedstock was measured in separate laboratory experiments
                      using molecular beam mass spectrometry. In addition,
                      FactSage was used to predict the formation of gaseous
                      species and the composition of solid residues from
                      gasification under equilibrium conditions. On average, the
                      cyclone ash accounts for 4.6 $wt\%$ and the bed ash 12.4
                      $wt\%$ of the total poultry litter fed into the reactor. All
                      phosphorous (P) was present in the cyclone ash as stable
                      phosphates, while potassium (K) in both cyclone and bed ash
                      was mainly present as H2O leachable KCl, organically
                      associated and stable phosphates and silicates. Furthermore,
                      an assessment was made against the appropriate criteria,
                      whether the ashes from gasification can be categorised as
                      component materials for EU fertiliser products.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000681270500006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106918},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/893416},
}