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@ARTICLE{Badie:893738,
      author       = {Badie, Sylvain and Sebold, Doris and Vaßen, Robert and
                      Guillon, Olivier and Gonzalez-Julian, Jesus},
      title        = {{M}echanism for breakaway oxidation of the {T}i2{A}l{C}
                      {MAX} phase1},
      journal      = {Acta materialia},
      volume       = {215},
      issn         = {1359-6454},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02793},
      pages        = {117025 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The good oxidation resistance of MAX phases up to
                      temperatures around 1200 °C can be compromised for long
                      exposure due to the breakaway of the protective alumina
                      layer. Herein, we unveil a mechanism of breakaway oxidation
                      of the Ti2AlC MAX phase, identifying the main trigger and
                      the solutions to avoid it. It is caused by excessive
                      rumpling of the oxide scale on surfaces with arithmetical
                      mean roughness (Ra) > 3 µm and constitutes a key factor in
                      subsequent consumption of Ti2AlC. First, the oxide scale
                      experienced rumpling due to significant radial stresses
                      generated at the Ti2AlC/oxide interface. Second, scale
                      blistering resulted from substantial buckling due to the
                      evolution of in-plane stresses and lateral lengthening.
                      Third, blister collapse and exposure of the underlying
                      Al-depleted Ti2AlC surface led to rapid ingress of oxygen
                      and oxide/substrate interface recession. The self-healing
                      ability of Ti2AlC has been restrained and breakaway
                      oxidation kinetics following a linear trend have been
                      initiated. Similarly, breakaway oxidation was observed on
                      micro-damaged surfaces. A mixed oxide layer with high
                      porosity mainly composed of rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2)
                      promptly formed on these surfaces, gradually consuming the
                      base Ti2AlC material.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {1241 - Gas turbines (POF4-124)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000684229400014},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/893738},
}