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@ARTICLE{MllerCaspary:893900,
      author       = {Müller-Caspary, Knut and Krause, Florian and Winkler,
                      Florian and Béché, Armand and Verbeeck, Johan and Van
                      Aert, Sandra and Rosenauer, Andreas},
      title        = {{C}omparison of first moment {STEM} with conventional
                      differential phase contrast and the dependence on electron
                      dose},
      journal      = {Ultramicroscopy},
      volume       = {203},
      issn         = {0304-3991},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02912},
      pages        = {95 - 104},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {This study addresses the comparison of scanning
                      transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements of
                      momentum transfers using the first moment approach and the
                      established method that uses segmented annular detectors.
                      Using an ultrafast pixelated detector to acquire
                      four-dimensional, momentum-resolved STEM signals, both the
                      first moment calculation and the calculation of the
                      differential phase contrast (DPC) signals are done for the
                      same experimental data. In particular, we investigate the
                      ability to correct the segment-based signal to yield a
                      suitable approximation of the first moment for cases beyond
                      the weak phase object approximation. It is found that the
                      measurement of momentum transfers using segmented detectors
                      can approach the first moment measurement as close as
                      0.13 h/nm in terms of a root mean square (rms) difference
                      in 10 nm thick SrTiO3 for a detector with 16 segments. This
                      amounts to $35\%$ of the rms of the momentum transfers. In
                      addition, we present a statistical analysis of the precision
                      of first moment STEM as a function of dose. For typical
                      experimental settings with recent hardware such as a
                      Medipix3 Merlin camera attached to a probe-corrected STEM,
                      we find that the precision of the measurement of momentum
                      transfers stagnates above certain doses. This means that
                      other instabilities such as specimen drift or scan noise
                      have to be taken into account seriously for measurements
                      that target, e.g., the detection of bonding effects in the
                      charge density.},
      cin          = {ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {5351 - Platform for Correlative, In Situ and Operando
                      Characterization (POF4-535) / moreSTEM - Momentum-resolved
                      Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (VH-NG-1317)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5351 / G:(DE-HGF)VH-NG-1317},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {30660404},
      UT           = {WOS:000465021000013},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.12.018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/893900},
}