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@ARTICLE{Giroto:894063,
      author       = {Giroto, Amanda S. and do Valle, Stella F. and Guimarães,
                      Gelton G. F. and Jablonowski, Nicolai David and Ribeiro,
                      Caue and Mattoso, Luiz Henrique C.},
      title        = {{D}ifferent {Z}n loading in {U}rea–{F}ormaldehyde
                      influences the {N} controlled release by structure
                      modification},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03017},
      pages        = {7621},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Nitrogen fertilization has been a critical factor for high
                      crop productivity, where urea is currently the most used N
                      source due to its high concentration and affordability.
                      Nevertheless, urea fast solubilization leads to frequent
                      losses and lower agronomic efficiency. The modification of
                      urea structure by condensation with formaldehyde has been
                      proposed to improve nutrient uptake by plants and to reduce
                      environmental losses. Herein we show that the co-formulation
                      with Zn strongly modifies the N release (in lab conditions)
                      and, more important, the Zn source-ZnSO4 or ZnO-has a
                      critical role. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) served as a matrix for
                      the zinc sources, and chemical characterizations revealed
                      that Zn particles influenced the length of the polymeric
                      chain formation. Release tests in an aqueous medium showed
                      that the UF matrix favors ZnO release and, on the other
                      hand, delays ZnSO4 delivery. Soil incubation with the
                      fertilizer composites proved the slow-release of N from UF,
                      is ideal for optimizing nutritional efficiency. Our results
                      indicated that the ZnO-UF system has beneficial effects for
                      both nutrients, i.e., reduces N volatilization and increases
                      Zn release.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2172 - Utilization of renewable carbon and energy sources
                      and engineering of ecosystem functions (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2172},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33828167},
      UT           = {WOS:000640391700058},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-021-87112-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894063},
}