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@ARTICLE{Montzka:894127,
      author       = {Montzka, Carsten and Bayat, B. and Tewes, A. and Mengen, D.
                      and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{S}entinel-2 {A}nalysis of {S}pruce {C}rown {T}ransparency
                      {L}evels and their {E}nvironmental {D}rivers after {S}ummer
                      {D}rought in the {N}orthern {E}ifel ({G}ermany)},
      journal      = {Frontiers in forests and global change},
      volume       = {4},
      issn         = {2624-893X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03054},
      pages        = {667151},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Droughts in recent years weaken the forest stands in
                      Central Europe, where especially the spruce suffers from an
                      increase in defoliation and mortality. Forest surveys
                      monitor this trend based on sample trees at the local scale,
                      whereas earth observation is able to provide area-wide
                      information. With freely available cloud computing
                      infrastructures such as Google Earth Engine, access to
                      satellite data and high-performance computing resources has
                      become straightforward. In this study, a simple approach for
                      supporting the spruce monitoring by Sentinel-2 satellite
                      data is developed. Based on forest statistics and the spruce
                      NDVI cumulative distribution function of a reference year, a
                      training data set is obtained to classify the satellite data
                      of a target year. This provides insights into the changes in
                      tree crown transparency levels. For the Northern Eifel
                      region, Germany, the evaluation shows an increase in damaged
                      trees from 2018 to 2020, which is in line with the forest
                      inventory of North Rhine-Westphalia. An analysis of tree
                      damages according to precipitation, land surface
                      temperature, elevation, aspect, and slope provides insights
                      into vulnerable spruce habitats of the region and enables to
                      identify locations where the forest management may focus on
                      a transformation from spruce monocultures to mixed forests
                      with higher biodiversity and resilience to further changes
                      in the climate system.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000689282900001},
      doi          = {10.3389/ffgc.2021.667151},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894127},
}